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Design technology > DT Unit 2 > Flashcards

DT Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

Fossil fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of plants and animals over millions of years.

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2
Q

What is fracking?

A

Fracking involves drilling into layers of shale rock deep in the earth to release pockets of gas.

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3
Q

what are the renewable alternatives to fossil fuels?

A

-wind
-solar
-tidal
-biomass
-hydroelectric

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4
Q

what are the arguments FOR wind power?

A
  • low maintenance
  • clean energy
    -higher winter output
    -low cost energy
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5
Q

what are the arguments AGANIST wind power?

A

-only works when windy
-can be an eyesore
-hazards to birds
- noise

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6
Q

what are the arguments AGANIST solar power?

A

-seasonal fluctuations
- no power generated at night
-complex positioning issues

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7
Q

what are the arguments FOR solar power?

A

-low maintenance
- clean energy
-relatively low cost

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8
Q

What is tidal energy?

A

the rise and fall of the tide forces water through turbines which drives generators to produce electricity.

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9
Q

what are the arguments FOR hydroelectric power?

A
  • clean source of energy
  • it always ready to use (flexible)
  • relatively inexpensive
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10
Q

what are the arguments AGANIST hydroelectric power?

A
  • it has an environmental impact
  • limited locations
    -Susceptible to Droughts
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11
Q

what are the arguments AGANIST biofuel/ biomass?

A
  • expensive
  • requires a lot of space for technology
  • still releases greenhouse gases
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12
Q

What are the arguments FOR biofuel/biomass?

A
  • its a widely available energy source
  • less garbage in landfills
  • reduces the reliance on fossil fuels
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13
Q

What are the arguments FOR nuclear power?

A
  • produces carbon free electricity
  • cheap to run nuclear power stations
  • high power output
    -reliable energy source
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14
Q

what are the arguments AGANIST nuclear power?

A
  • radioactive waste
  • risk of accident
  • initial expensive cost to build
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15
Q

What is energy?

A

energy is the capacity to do work

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16
Q

what are the two forms of energy?

A
  • potential energy (stored)
  • kinetic energy ( motion)
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17
Q

what’s an example of potential energy?

A
  • chemical
  • mechanical
  • nuclear
  • gravitational
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18
Q

What’s an example of kinetic energy (motion)

A
  • movement
  • electricity
  • heat
  • sound
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19
Q

what is potential energy?

A

potenial enrgy is stored in objects not in motion, that will move once released.

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20
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

kinetic energy involves movement

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21
Q

how is energy stored?

A
  • mechanical storage
    . compression
    . tension
    .motion
  • chemical storage
    . batteries
    . food
    . solid fuel
    . gases
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22
Q

what are pneumatics?

A

compressed air or gas is used to create movement.
commonly used in industry with mechanical drills

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23
Q

what are hydraulics?

A

pumped and compressed liquids instead of air which makes it more powerful.
commonly used in:
-lifting equipment

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24
Q

what is flywheel energy storage?

A
  • they use surplus energy to reach optimum speed
  • momentum is stored until it is required
  • the motor used to power them becomes a generator which returns electrical energy when needed
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25
Q

Examples of chemical energy storage includes:

A
  • batteries
  • canisters
  • flammable gels
  • hydrogen fuel cells
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26
Q

what are alkaline batteries?

A

there more efficient and have a higher capacity when compared to traditional batteries

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27
Q

what examples are there of new emerging battery technology?

A
  • flow batteries (they are large units used to help smooth demand on the national grid)
    -sodium and glass batteries are super fast charging and very high capacity.
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28
Q

disposal of batteries:

A

batteries contain toxic chemicals and metals which can leach into the soil and harm the wildlife.
you can safely dispose of batteries by recycling them

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29
Q

What are modern materials

A

new and improved materials are constantly being discovered and developed.
They can help solve:
-design issues
-technical constraints
- environmental issues

extra point: they can also be or combined in a way that is different from its normal function.

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30
Q

what is a biodegradable polymer?

A

They are made from vegetable starches, often corn starch.
Ex: polylatic acid (PLA) commonly used in 3D printing filament.

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31
Q

What is titanium?

A

A chemical element which is often bonded/ alloyed with other metals.
- It is relatively lightweight, tough, low density.
- excellent corrosion resistance making it very versatile

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32
Q

What are fibre optics?

A

fibre optic cables carry light down a thin glass core.
ex: cable TV and broadband infrastructure

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33
Q

What are the physical properties of graphene?

A
  • one atom thick
  • 200x times stronger than steel
    -stretchable and flexible
  • electrically conductive
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34
Q

what is a LCD?

A

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use the light-modulating. properties of liquid crystals to display an image

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35
Q

What is metal foam and what is it used for?

A

Metal foams are porous metal structures made from aluminium and titanium. They are strong, lightweight, electrically & thermally conductive and absorb sound well. They are made by injecting gas into the liquid metal but still retain many properties of the original metal including being recyclable

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36
Q

What is a smart material?

A

smart materials react to an external stimulus by changing their characteristics or properties.

37
Q

What is the self - healing polymer?

A
  • self -healing polymers react to stress fractures by releasing resin into the new crack.
38
Q

how does self healing concrete work?

A
  • cracks enlarge over time and water can cause the steel reinforcements to rust and weaken the structure
  • self healing concrete has spheres of bacteria added to the mixture which contains their own food.
  • when the crack forms and water seeps in, the bacteria start to feed, producing calcium carbonate which fills the crack.
39
Q

what are thermochromic pigments?

A

when hot and cold temperatures trigger a change of colour.

40
Q

what are photochromic pigments?

A

Photochromic pigment is a specialty designed powder to change color when exposed to a UV light source,

41
Q

Shape memory alloy (SMA)

A

Shape-memory alloys (SMA) are metal alloys. that can remember their shape when heated.

42
Q

what is quantum tunnelling composition?

A

QTC is a polymer that contains billions of metal particles that don’t actually touch each other.

43
Q

how do piezoelectric materials work?

A
  • subject it to movement or stress and it produces electricity
  • attach an electrical signal and it moves
44
Q

what is a piezo transducer?

A

A piezoelectric sensor changes mechanical motion or force into electrical energy and can produce an electrical pulse from pressure. EX: used in mobile phones

45
Q

How can PH levels be detected?

A

Using litmus paper

46
Q

What is a composite material?

A

A composite material. consists of two or more materials. with different properties.

47
Q

What are the two types of reinforced plastic?

A
  • glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
  • carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)
48
Q

what is the GRP process?

A
  1. prepare the mould
  2. apply a release agent to the mould
  3. apply a gel coat for GRP
  4. apply glass fibre matting
  5. work a second coat of resin into the material
  6. repeat layers of matting and resin coats to
    achieve the correct thickness for the specification
    7.clamp and leave a GRP workpiece to cure ( seal a GRP workpiece in a vacuum bag and heat in an oven to cure)
  7. release from the mould, trim and finish workpiece.
49
Q

what are technical textiles?

A

These are textiles that have had their fibres spun in a way that makes them enhanced fabrics.

50
Q

what is gore-tex?

A

it is a technical textile.
It has a special fabric membrane that is waterproof yet breathable.
It doesn’t let water through because the water droplets are too big but perspiration can still escape as water vapor.

51
Q

What are aramids?

A

aramids are particularly tough fibres made from modified polyamide.
they offer:
- cut and tear resistance
- flame proofing
- thermal insulation
- high strength
- kevlar and nome are both types of aramids.

52
Q

what is microencapsulation?

A
  • solids, liquids, gases are sealed in tiny capsules and only under active ingredients they can be released at controlled rates and under controlled conditions.
    Active ingredients include:
    . thermochromic dyes
    . pesticides
    . perfume
53
Q

what is an electronic system?

A

an electronic system is a series of pastor components that control a task or activity.

54
Q

what are subsystems?

A

they are events that happen within an electronic system. Ex: steering

55
Q

What is an open loop system?

A

Open-loop systems do not make a decision based on feedback.

56
Q

What are closed loop systems?

A

feedback is used to make a decision

57
Q

what are flowcharts?

A

flowcharts are a more detailed way to graphically represent systems.

58
Q

What are input components?

A
  • systems and devices are triggered either or automatically using switches and sensors.
59
Q

what are analogue inputs?

A

analogue components give out varying signals. Ex; a dark street lamp needs to be turned on in the evening. The dark detector uses a variable resistor which allows the sensor to detect change.

60
Q

What are output components?

A

output components change electrical energy into light, sound, heat an movement.

61
Q

what is a integrated controller ( IC)

A
  • also known as microchips, ICs are capable of performing specific tasks
62
Q

what is a microcontroller IC?

A

a microcontroller IC is known as a peripheral interface controller (PIC)
- these programmable ICs are very adaptable
- they can be programmed to perform multiple processes
- this reduces the amount of components needed to perform a task

63
Q

How is a PIC’s functions controlled?

A

By a program or code that is received via a download cable

64
Q

what is a monostable device?

A

a single pulse produced is usually triggered by a switch or sensor

65
Q

what is an astable device?

A

the stream of pulses produced are oscillating and constant

66
Q

what is motion?

A

motion is the action of something being moved

67
Q

what is linear motion?

A

movement in one direction along a straight line

68
Q

what reciprocating motion?

A

a receptive back and forth-or up and down linear action

69
Q

what is oscillating motion?

A

a repetitive back and forth motion along a curve path

70
Q

what is rotary motion?

A

objects moving in a circular motion usually around a fixed axis

71
Q

what two parts do levers have?

A

a bar and a pivot also known as the fulcrum

72
Q

what is the equation for levers?

A

MA= load/ effort

73
Q

describe where the load, fulcrum and effort is on a first-order lever?

A

the load on the far left, the fulcrum in the middle (underneath) and effort on the far right

example of a first-order lever: seesaw

74
Q

describe where the load, fulcrum and effort is on a second-order lever?

A

the effort is on the far left, the load is on the middle, the fulcrum is underneath and on the far right.

example: wheelbarrow action

75
Q

describe where the load, fulcrum and effort is on a third-order lever?

A

the load is on the far left, effort is in the middle and the fulcrum is on the far right.

example: tweezers

76
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

when the effort and the load are equal , the equilibrium can be reached in a mechanism.

77
Q

what is a linkage?

A

linkages are mechanisms that use rigid parts to:
- change the magnitude of a force
- change the direction of a force
- transform it into a different motion

78
Q

what is a reverse motion linkage?

A

( a Z shape) with a fixed pivot in the middle and moving pivots going opposite ways.

79
Q

what is the parallel motion linkage?

A

two vertical parallel fixed pivots with a moving pivot across the top.
also a input on the left and a output on the right.

80
Q

bell crank linkage.

A

a fixed pivot the shape of the 90-degree angle with a moving pivot on the left and the bottom moving in a circular motion

81
Q

what is the crank and slider

A

crank and sliders convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion and vice versa

82
Q

what are treadle linkages

A

treadle linkages convert rotary motion into oscillating motion and vice versa

83
Q

what do rotary systems do?

A

rotary systems drive mechanisms in machinery and equipment

84
Q

what are the 4 types of cams?

A

eccentric cam
pear cam
snail cam
heart- shaped cam

85
Q

what are the 3 types of followers?

A

flat follower
knife edged follower
roller follower

86
Q

what are gear trains?

A

cogwheels are meshed to create gear trains

87
Q

what is an idler gear?

A

an idler gear ensures that the direction of the drive gear and the driven gear are the same

88
Q

what are block and tackle systems?

A

they combine pulleys to lift heavy weights

Design technology (4 decks)

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