Design technology Unit 1 Flashcards
what’s automation?
robotic automation of manufacturing offers significantly greater consistency, accuracy, reliability and productivity than human workers.
Ex:production lines
what are the two different types of barcodes?
- universal product version ‘A’ (UPC-A)
- CODE 128
New and emerging technologies have influenced change in:
- personnel, job roles and hierarchical structure
-physical space and layout - systems, processes and workflow.
what the design of the workplace:
materials warehouse —> cutting—> machining —> painting —> finished parts warehouse —> assembly–> quality and testing —> despatch
what new technologies help combat low oil supplies:
-harnessing natural resources
- hydrogen power
- battery technology
the EV market success is dependent on
-national and international charging networks
-battery technology
- a change in driver mindset
what is product innovation?
the process of creating a new product—or improving an existing one—to meet customers’ needs in a novel way.
properties of graphene:
- graphene is a honeycomb lattice carbon structure only one atom thick.
- 200 times stronger than steel, very flexible, conducts heat and electricity and is almost transparent.
what are the dangers of 3D printing?
Heat;
Mechanical hazards from moving parts;
High voltage;
Ultraviolet light
what does virtual marketing include?
- search engine optimization to increase page ranking
- email marketing
- social media and viral campaigns
what are co-operatives?
co-operatives are organisations or businesses that are owned and run by its members
what is fair-trade?
fair-trade is about better prices, decent working conditions and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries.
what is a finite source?
a non-renewable resource like fossil fuels.
- They are being used faster than they are naturally replaced.
- cannot be synthetically be replaced
-includes coal, gas and oil
When were LEDS first invented?
what to include when responsibly designing?
- environmental impact in mining or harvesting materials
- maintenance and repair costs
–recyclability - welfare of workers in the material supply chain
what 4 ways is waste disposed of?
- incineration/ burning
- landfill/ burial
- dumping at sea
-recycling
what is the impact of consumption?
-waste material and chemicals can leach into the soil and water courses affecting wildlife
- some industrial waste may be radioactive, particularly that from nuclear reactors.
what is the life cycle assessment (LCA)?
It is an analysis of the impact of a manufactured product on the
environment
what are the four main stages of the LCA?
The four main stages of LCAs that should be assessed are extracting and processing raw materials; manufacturing and packaging; use and operation during its lifetime; disposal at the end of its useful life.
What is continuous improvement? (kaizen)
- It is an approach that seeks to be continually improved and develop product services and procedures for the better.
Efficient working aims to remove waste from any process which may manifest itself as:
- wasted time
- overproduction
- wasted resources including power
-wasted activity
What is pollution?
the release of contaminating substances that are likely to harm the natural environment
How does the pollution of our rivers, seas and waterways affect us?
Water pollution also poses a direct threat to wildlife. Many pollutants are toxic to aquatic life, causing disease and death among fish and other species.
What is global warming?
- primarily caused by an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere that traps heat warming the earth.
- the burning of fossil fuels increases the amount of CO2 therefore increases the amount of heat.
How dangerous is battery production ?
- battery production uses finite and dangerous metals.
- the production process is very intensive
- proper disposal of batteries is required to prevent leaching alkalis into the environment. which could damage wildlife.
what’s the alternative to battery power?
rechargeable batteries
Why is research and development so important in companies?
those companies who are first to the market with a new product can often have a key advantage over their competitors.
What is a technology push?
new technology is often pushed onto the market driven by research.
Often consumers are not aware of the new technology and the advantages it brings.
What is a market pull?
consumer driven pressure causes manufactures to continuously develop new products or add functionality to existing products.
Case Study: spider silk
- Spider silk has greater tensile strength than steel yet it is lightweight with high elasticity.
- synthetic spider silk could be the biggest technological advancement since nylon
What are Cobots?
they are collaborative robots or “cobots” are being developed to allow greater human-robot interaction. Robots will work with humans rather than for them. they can significantly improve productivity.
what is inclusive design?
- design may be developed to be easily used by the elderly or disabled.
what are the benefits of automation?
- increased efficiency and productivity
- robots can replace manual jobs therefore saving labour costs.
What is Computer Aided Design (CAD)?
CAD software is used to create precise 2D or 3D drawings/models.
Advantages of CAD?
- CAD is very accurate
- designs can be worked on by remote teams simultaneously
- Designs can be created, saved and edited easily, saving time
Disadvantages of CAD?
- CAD is complex to learn
- software can be very expensive
- security issues - risk of losing data
What is Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)?
- automated machinery is controlled by software to manufacture physical parts.
- CAM uses computer numerical control (CNC) and CAD files to create a design for the machinery to follow.
CNC Miling?
CNC mining machines work in three dimensions to produce intricately and accurately machined objects.
What is CNC laser cutting?
is a computer-controlled cutting machine that uses a high-powered laser beam to cut through materials such as metal, wood, and plastic.
what is flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
FMS involve an assembly of automated machines commonly used on short-run batch production lined where the products frequently change.
What is Lean Manufacturing?
Lean manufacturing is a Japanese concept, based on minimising costs and maximising efficiency by cutting down on waste and the amount of materials and energy used in production.
What is Just In Time (JIT) production?
- items are created as they are demanded. No surplus stock of raw materials, components or finished parts are kept.
Advantages of JIT?
- no warehousing costs
-stock doesn’t become damaged - reduces waste
Disadvantages of JIT?
- more planning is required
-risk of production delays
-reliant on your supply chain
the success of new technologies are frequently evaluated according to these following points?
- cost
-reliability
-longevity
-sustainablity
-recyclability
if you are designing a new product, you will need to gather opinion and facts about?
- available technology
- size of market
- the market need
- successes and failures of other products
what is planned obsolescence?
Planned obsolescence describes the practice of designing products to break quickly or become obsolete in the short to mid-term.
