DSM and ICD Rel and Val Flashcards
Define ‘reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
How consistent the ability to diagnose correctly is when using the DSM and ICD.
List the 2 different types of reliability.
1) Inter-rater
2) Intra-rater
Define ‘inter-rater reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
The consistency of multiple clinicians agreeing on the diagnosis of a patient using the same diagnostic tool.
Define ‘intra-rater reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
Whether the diagnosis of a patient is consistent when being re-diagnosed at a later date with the same clinician and same classification system.
Strengths of DSM and ICD in terms of reliability
Rosenhan - showed DSM-11 was reliable as all pseudo patients but one were diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission
Goldstein - found high levels of inter-rater reliability when patients were diagnosed in relation to SZ
Brown - tested the reliability and validity of DSM-IV for anxiety and mood disorder and found them to be good to excellent
(However, this study used surveys and poorly trained interviewers)
Reliability can be improved if clinicians talk to each other when making diagnosis, increasing inter-rater reliability so the use of systems eg ICD and DSM increase communication
They undergo many updates and improvements
Weaknesses of DSM and ICD in terms of reliability
2 diagnostic systems are used world wide: ICD and DSM. There’s distinct differences in these and diagnosis depend on which used, showing poor reliability. (only 68% agreement)
Beck - found that the same set of symptoms were only diagnosed as the same in order approx. half of the time, showing low reliability
Studies such as Brown et al used surveys and inadequate interviewers, so data may be flawed
Strengths of DSM and ICD in terms of Validity
Both ICD and DSM have gone through multiple versions and improvements to be more valid
Mandy et al - found DSM 5 was more valid than previous versions doe diagnosing autism spectrum disorder due to changes made to the publications, improving validity
Stinchfield - found DMS 5 led to fewer false negatives that previous DSM IV when diagnosing gambling disorder, showing validity
Define ‘validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
How accurate and correct the DSM and ICD are at diagnosing a mental disorder.
Define ‘validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
How accurate and correct the DSM and ICD are at diagnosing a mental disorder.
List the 5 different types of validity.
1) Predictive
2) Construct
3) Concurrent
4) Etiological
5) Convergent
Define ‘predictive validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
The accuracy of a prediction made when diagnosing a mental disorder which is tested at a later date.
Define ‘construct validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
How accurate the criteria for diagnosis of a mental disorder is.
Define ‘concurrent validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
When results of a study testing the DSM against the ICD matches another done at the same time.
Define ‘etiological validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
This is established by examining what is known about the causes of the disorder and matching them to the person’s history.
Define ‘convergent validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.
When two measures of the same diagnosis agree with each other using a test of correlation.
