DSM Flashcards
• 0-5 y/o • Social reciprocity • Babies • not making eye sustained contact • Not accepting a toy • No back and forth play • 3-4 • Doesn't play at all or limited in play • Stereotyped repetitive behaviors • Repetitive speech • Repetitive behaviors (e.g. hand flapping) Hyper/hypo sensitivity to sensory input
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Impaired social communication AND THAT’S IT!
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
- Could be related to math, reading, writing skills
* Learning basic academic skills based on age
Specific Learning Disorder
• Make sure you’re ruling out a specific learning disorder
• Need to be present before 12
• Need 2 or more contexts (e.g. school, work, home)
• Adults that are diagnosed may have compensated with high intelligence
• Inattention
• Someone who cannot sustain attention
• Frequently interrupt others
• Difficulty organizing
• Hard time doing tasks
• Hyperactivity
Fidgeting and needing to move around a lot
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Persistent eating of nonfood substances
Pica
Repeated regurgitation of food
Rumination Disorder
- Hard time building vocabulary
- Mainly children
- Very simple sentences
- Limited sentence structures
Language Disorder
- Stuttering
- Words repeated
- Broken words
Child Onset Fluency Disorder
When someone has both motor and vocal tics
Tourette’s Disorder
Would have motor or vocal tic
Persistent Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder
• Soiling of pants > 4 year old
This has a “P”, think of poop
Encopresis
- Urination of bed or clothes > 5 or older
- This has a “U”, think of urine
- Could be a sign of trauma
Enuresis
- Has to do with anxiety with separating with attachment figure or spouse
- Could be diagnosed in adults
- Children 4 weeks
- Adult 6 months
Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Worrying about a number of things
- Across multiple domains
- Physical symptoms (e.g. trouble sleeping)
- Have to be present for > 6 months for both adults and children
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Fails to speak in specific situations
Selective Mutism
- Fear of social situations
- Fear of being observed, rejected
- Around people that they know or don’t know
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
- Early age. Range 9 months to 5 years of age.
- Result of neglect or abuse or changing of caregivers (e.g. foster)
- Sometimes called a failure to thrive
- Very withdrawn
- Don’t seek comfort or respond to comfort
- Sit in corner, don’t engage
- Show little excitement
- Fly under the radar because they don’t act out
- They’ve given up that anyone would care for them
Reactive Attachment Disorder
- Early age. Range 9 months to 5 years of age.
- Result of neglect or abuse or changing of caregivers (e.g. foster)
- Overly comfortable with strangers
- Appear to attach really easily with people
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
- Overly defiant
- Problems with authority
- Argumentative
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Violation the rights of others
- Lack of remorse
- Law breaking
- Initiate fights
- Destroying property
- Feeds into Antisocial personality disorder as an adult
- ASPD - criteria is that they had conduct disorder as a child
Conduct Disorder
- What people use to call bipolar in children
- Usually diagnosed at 6-10 y/o but up to age 17
- Chronically irritable or moody
- Reoccurring temper tantrums
- Outbursts need to happen 3 times/week to qualify
- Mood is negative even when they aren’t having the outbursts
Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder
Up to a month
- Delusions
a. Belief that is false - Hallucination
a. Visual/auditory - Disorganized speech
- Disorganized behaviors
a. Could be a related to hallucinations - Negative symptoms
a. People having a very flat affect (quiet, don’t respond to any type of interactions)
Brief Psychotic Disorder
1-6 months
- Delusions
a. Belief that is false - Hallucination
a. Visual/auditory - Disorganized speech
- Disorganized behaviors
a. Could be a related to hallucinations - Negative symptoms
a. People having a very flat affect (quiet, don’t respond to any type of interactions)
Schizophreniform Disorder
Over 6months
- Delusions
a. Belief that is false - Hallucination
a. Visual/auditory - Disorganized speech
- Disorganized behaviors
a. Could be a related to hallucinations - Negative symptoms
a. People having a very flat affect (quiet, don’t respond to any type of interactions)
Schizophrenia
• At least 2 weeks • Dark or black mood • Can't enjoy things they use to (Anhedonia) • Lack motivation • Changes in functioning (sleeping little or oversleeping) • Changes in appetite • Suicidal ideation Worthlessness
Major Depressive Disorder
- Don’t not meet full criteria of MDD
- They are functioning BUT they do feel
- They have some signs of milder disturbances in functioning
- May don’t report that they have suicidal ideation
Unspecified Depressive Disorder
- At least 2 years in adults
- At least 1 year in children
- Not as severe as MDD
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
• Manic phase
• Elevate mood that leads to significant impairment for at least 1 week
• Feelings of positive or irritability
• Grandiose thoughts
• Lack of need of sleep or excessive energy
• Experiences it as euphoria
Often in denial that they are in a manic phase
Bipolar I Disorder
• Hypomanic phase and MDE
• Only 4 days
• Does not lead to same impairment as manic phase
○ (not as much damage to relationships)
Bipolar II Disorder
- 2 years
* Hypomanic phase that alternates with a low level depressive episode
Cyclothymic Disorder
have psychotic features with a mood disorder
• Psychotic features are present all the time
• Mood disorder is what comes in and out
Schizoaffective Disorder
have psychotic features with a mood disorder
• Mood disorder is constant
• Psychotic features come in and out
Bipolar I Disorder with Psychotic Features
- Recurrent panic attacks
- Fear that it will happen again
- Change life to avoid these panic attacks
Panic Disorder
- Fear of going out in public
* At least 2 situations (crowds, public transportation, standing in line or open spaces)
Agoraphobia
- BOTH obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
- Obsessive thoughts
- Intrusive thoughts or ideas that run a person’s life
- Compulsive actions
- Usually done to control thoughts
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Perfectionist
* Don’t have any awareness that this is an issue
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Symptoms present after month since incident
• Life threatening or witness someone killed or beaten up
• 4 categories of symptoms
• Intrusive elements: thoughts or memories (flashbacks)
• Negative moods
• Behavioral - avoid situations that remind them of incident
• Arousal
○ Startle response
○ Easily agitated
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Symptoms present within a month of incident
• Life threatening or witness someone killed or beaten up
• 4 categories of symptoms
• Intrusive elements: thoughts or memories (flashbacks)
• Negative moods
• Behavioral - avoid situations that remind them of incident
• Arousal
○ Startle response
○ Easily agitated
Acute Stress Disorder
- Less than 6 months
- Or more than 6 months but not as severe
- Or don’t fit full diagnosis of anxiety
Anxiety Disorder Unspecified
- Does have a somatic issue (e.g. pain or other illness)
* Have severe related anxiety
Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Don’t have a documented medical condition
- Rarely have somatic symptoms
- Fear they may have an illness
- AKA hypochondriac
Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Psychological condition converts to a somatic one
* e.g. Someone is so angry that they actually go blind
Conversion Disorder
• Really likes attention of being sick (aka Munchausen)
Factitious Disorder
- Actually a vcode now
* When someone is faking an illness to avoid something (e.g. work)
Malingering
- Restricts their dietary intake that doesn’t meet their physical needs
- Intense fear of gaining weight or getting fat
- Distorted body image
- Should be seen by a medical disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
- Should have
- Binge eating (feeling out of control while eating)
- Recurrent purging (excessive exercise, vomiting)
- Feeling of disgust and shame when consumed food
Bulimia Nervosa
- Only diagnosed when person is NOT purging
* Feeling of disgust and shame when consumed food
Binge Eating Disorder
- Have not met criteria of anorexia nor bulimia
- Ex. Purging without binging
- Ex. Normal weight but obsession or anxiety about body image
Unspecified Eating Disorder
- Cannot be about weight, about distinct displeasure with body part
- Ex. Displeasure with nose, people that get obsessive plastic surgery
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Experiences reality
- Feel outside of body
- Feeling like in dreamlike state
- World feels surreal
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
- Sudden forgetting about personal information (e.g. address, phone number)
- Usually occurs with extreme shock (e.g. natural disaster, war zone)
Dissociative Amnesia
- Popularly called multiple personality disorder
- Relatively uncommon
- 2 or more distinct personality states
- Can’t remember other states when in a certain state
- Usually occurs with people with severe trauma
Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Problems controlling aggressive impulses
- Disproportionate to stressor in situation
- Can’t be accounted for by any other disorder (e.g. ASPD,ODD)
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
- Compulsive stealing
- Not for a purpose (e.g. stealing to feed family)
- Doing for fun or rush
Kleptomania
- Compulsion to pull out hair (e.g. eye brows, eye lashes)
* Happens when someone has experienced abuse or trauma
Trichotillomania
Symptoms are a part of view of themselves. They don’t see their behaviors as a problem.
Ego syntonic
Disorder is something that ct is aware of and does not like. Ex, depression, anxiety, panic disorder. “D” doesn’t like
Ego dystonic
- Irrational suspicions of others
- Preoccupied of suspicious
- Read into messages and remarks
- Hold on to grudges
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Someone experiences JUST delusions (bizarre and non-bizarre)
Delusional Disorder
- Ego syntonic
- Loners
- Lack an interest in relationships
- Withdrawn
- No longing to connect
- No belief or trust in others
- Some flavors of depressions
- Pervasive over the course of someone’s life
Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Ego syntonic
- Lonely
- Want to connect with others
- Very sensitive, fear that others are not going to like them
- Avoid social interactions for fear of rejections
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Precursor to schizophrenia
- Haven’t crossed over into a psychotic episode
- A little off
- Idea of reference
- Read an article, they think the article is about or directed to them
- Watch the news, they think the news is about or directed to them
- Magical thinking
- Feel that they have a sixth sense
- Bizarre fantasies
- Some paranoid ideation
- Lack close friends
- May dress bizarrely
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Must be at least 18
- Must have been diagnosed with conduct disorder before 15 y/o
- Pervasive pattern of disregard or violation of others
- Law breaking
- Deception or lying
- Impulsive
- Aggressive
- Lack of remorse, indifference or rationalization
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Pervasive pattern of grandiosity
- Need for admiration
- Lack of empathy
- Not understanding what another person would think or feel
- Rude or snotty to people.
- Exaggerate achievements
- Often see themselves as superior
- Have fantasies of unlimited success and power, brilliance
- Feeling that they are unique
- Sense of entitlement
- Envious of others
- May go into a rage if they are challenged or put down
- Common diagnosis for perpetrators of domestic violence
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Known for instability in relationships
- One minute they like/hate you
- Black and white thinking
- Frantic fear of real or imagined abandonment
- They don’t want to be rejected and may go to extremes
- Suicidal gestures
- Idealize therapist
- Sense of self fluctuates
- Extremes moods
- Difficulty controlling rage
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Pervasive attention seeking behavior
- Wants to be center of attention
- Seductive behavior/dress
- Rapid shifting and shallow expression of emotion
- Very vain
- Very dramatic
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Ridged conforming to rules, moral codes, and excessive orderliness
- Perfectionists
- Hard time delegating
- Workaholics
- Need to have things in a certain way
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Difficulty making decisions without advice or reassurance from people
- Defer life/decision making to others
- Need others to take responsibility for their life
- Difficulty disagreeing with others out of a fear of loss of support or approval
- Fear of rejection
- They will take on tasks that are unpleasant to get others to like them
- Whey they are alone they are uncomfortable and helpless
- If one relationship ends they are quick to get into another
Dependent Personality Disorder
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