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LMFT EXAM > DSM 5 Diagnoses > Flashcards

DSM 5 Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

pervasive need for attention - seductive bx/dress
rapid shifts shallow expression of emotions
physical appearance is very important (vain)
dramatic/exaggerated expression of emotion

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2
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

instability in their relationships due to:
black and white thinking
mood instability
feelings of empty-ness
rage & lack of ability to control emotions
recurrent suicidal attempts/gestures
self-mutilating behaviors
fear of abandonment & identity disturbances

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3
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

must be 18 & over & conduct disorder before age 15
pervasive pattern disregard & violation of others
deception repeatedly for profit &/or pleasure
indifferent or rationalize hurting others or mistreating them
lack of remorse
law breaking
aggressive
impulsive

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4
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

Ego-syntonic
lack of relationships
fears being around others or interacting with them
express a fear of being ridiculed, poor self-image, a preoccupation with being criticized, loneliness, and social isolation.
Despite this, they have a strong desire for social relationships, but find it difficult to take that personal risk
feelings of inadequacy

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5
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

difficulty making decisions w/o reassurance from others
need others to take responsibility
difficulty disagreeing for fear of loss/disappointment
easy going - don’t speak up, don’t argue
lack confidence in their judgement
excessive lengths to gain approval of others
feel scared & helpless when alone
preoccupied by fear of unable to care for themselves
lack self-confidence

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6
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A 
rigid conformity to rules/moral codes
excessive orderliness
perfectionist
hard time delegating
workaholic
anal
controlling
things lined up/orderly
no awareness that this is an issue (ego-syntonic)
can be functioning normal people
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7
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A 
Pre-cursor to Schizophrenia
NO psychotic episode
bizarre fantasies
irrational beliefs
extreme social anxiety
lack of close friends
odd behavior & thinking & speaking
idea of reference: think magazines/newspapers have a message directly for them
magical thinking: feeling sixth sense
some suspicion/paranoid thinking
may dress kind of bizarre
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8
Q

Delusional Disorder

A 
ONLY delusions
bizarre: no possible
or
non-bizarre: possible, but not plausible
personality disorder has been ruled out first
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9
Q

Ego-syntonic

A

No issue seen
behavior is not seen problematic
part of themselves
usually result of early life neglect/trauma/abuse
they believe their values and behaviors are acceptable and consistent with their self-concept
*usually seen with Personality Disorders

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11
Q

Ego-dystonic

A

Aware of & problematic
they do not like it
want to change

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12
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Ego-syntonic
lack of interest in social relationships
withdrawn - do not want to connect
pervasive over lifetime
they don’t have a desire for relationships
Loners

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13
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

continuum of mild to severe
more severe: increased tolerance
depends on how many of criteria they meet
failure to perform obligations (work/home/school)
impacts social interactions
efforts to stop & can’t stop
dependence
use becomes excessive & problematic & inferences with functioning

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14
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A 
pervasive pattern of grandiosity of self
need admiration & lack of empathy
rude
exaggerate achievements & arrogant
expect to be treated as superior
fantasies of unlimited success & power
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16
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Ego-syntonic
lack of interest in social relationships
withdrawn - do not want to connect
pervasive over lifetime

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16
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

irrational suspicions & distrust of others
pervasive across all different domains
w/o basis & experiences the world as hostile
constantly worried & holds grudges
read into messages & remarks

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16
Q

Gambling Disorder

A

compulsive gambling even when they are having financial damage
increased amounts of money that they are spending towards it
pre-occupation w idea of gambling
even after loosing they will continue to gamble
gamble when distressed to avoid negative emotions
lie about gambling
jeopardize personal relationships
borrow to gamble &/or extreme debt
R/O: Manic Phase - cannot be explained by manic episode

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17
Q

Substance Intoxication

A

different symptoms depending on

SUBSTANCE & INTOXICATION

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18
Q

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

A

lack of sexual interest/arousal
decline or lack of intimacy
may be temporary, but not permanent
mood disorders would need to be ruled out first

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20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

MORE THAN 6 MO
all same symptoms timeline determines diagnosis
5 Categories
1. Delusions - belief that is false - a) Non-Bizarre Delusion: possible, but not probable b) Bizarre Delusion - not possible
2.Hallucinations - visual & auditory
3. Disorganized Speech - rambling, incoherent
4. Disorganized Behaviors - moving, gestures, impulsive reactions (usually reacting to hallucinations)
5. Negative Symptoms - flat affect, quiet, problems w movement/stiff

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20
Q

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

A

problems controlling aggressive impulses
assaultive behavior
destructive
verbally abusive
outbursts are disproportionate to stressor
R/O: Other personality Disorder or Substance Use

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21
Q

Narcolepsy

A

sudden attack of sleep
sudden loss of muscle tone
possible hallucinations while going & in out of sleep
daytime fatigue

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22
Q

Nightmare Disorder

A

wakes up nightmare

quickly oriented & can recall contents of nightmare

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24
Q

Substance Withdrawal

A

different symptoms depending on

SUBSTANCE & WITHDRAWAL

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24
Q

Primary Insomnia Disorder

A

sleeplessness that cannot be attributed to an existing medial, psychiatric or environmental cause (such as drug abuse or medications)
difficulty sleeping at least 3 nights a week for 3 mo
difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early morning wakings & multiple wakes during night
feeling tired
R/O: manic phase, major depressive, anxiety

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25
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

sudden forgetting of pertinent personal info
usually occurs in time of extreme stress & shock
impulsively wandering away from home
inability to recall past events,

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27
Q

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A

pain or fear of pain during intercourse
pelvic floor muscles tense during vaginal intercourse
great displeasure at thought of sex
result of sexual trauma (active or history)

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28
Q

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder

A

recurrent episodes of incomplete waking
can’t recall dreams/nightmare content
sleep walking
don’t remember waking up

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28
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A

present in reality but report feeling outside of body
dream like state
do not feel connected to reality
world feels surreal

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29
Q

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A

sleeping more than 7 hours & wanting to sleep more
difficulty being fully awake (groggy, sluggish)
could be result of overweight, substance
R/O: Major Depressive Disorder

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30
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

2 or more distinct personality states
one state cannot remember stuff from another state
occurs result of early trauma experiences

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31
Q

Unspecified Eating Disorder

A

not met the criteria of other eating disorders
could be purging w/o binging
normal weight obsession/anxiety body image

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32
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

cannot be about weight
dissatisfied w specific body part
intrusive or preoccupying thoughts regarding an imagined or slight defect on the body

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33
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A

serious decline in functioning that requires accommodations
impacts attention, executive functioning, language, memory, cognition, social skills, motor skills
looses independence
NOT aware of memory loss

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34
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

binge eating & purging
fear of weight gain
use vomiting/laxatives/other means to get ride of weight
excessive exercise

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35
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

ONLY binge eating

shame & disgust after eating

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36
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

likes to get attention of being sick

act like they are sick in order to go to MD & get attention of being patient

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37
Q

Malingering

A

V Code

faking illness in order to gain/avoid

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39
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

restricts dietary intake to the point of not meeting their needed intake
less than minimal weight
intense fear of weight gain/fat
distorted body image
compensate; excessive exercise
coordination w MD necessary for treatment

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39
Q

Delirium

A

rapid onset usually in hospital setting
marked shift in someone’s awareness process
impairs: memory, executive functioning, language
mumbling, illusions, hallucinations
lasts a few hours or up to 24 hours
biochemical change due to meds/drugs/med condition

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40
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

obsessive thoughts & compulsive behaviors
thoughts are intrusive that run a person’s life
behaviors excessive, debilitating & noticeable (counting, checking)
treatment needed due to impairment

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41
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A

pre-cursor to major neurocognitive disorder
noticeable decline in functioning but still able to keep independence
pay bills on time & make it to appointments
people being to notice forgetfulness
may need increase in support

42
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

symptoms must be present for AT LEAST 6 mo.
biological problems present (sleep, diet)
worried about numerous things
across multiple domains
affects attention

43
Q

Anxiety Disorder Unspecified

A

symptoms present for LESS than 6 mo. (regardless of severity)
symptoms present for MORE than 6 mo. but symptoms NOT SEVERE
some elements of anxiety but does not meet full criteria

44
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

MORE THAN 1 MO.
symptoms are the same: timeline defines diagnosis
experience or witness event experienced to be life threatening
intrusive thoughts
memories
flashbacks
nightmares
not trying to think about it
negative mood: frequent shame, survivor’s guilt
hyper-arousal (startle response) : jumpy & tense
easily agitated
avoid situations/places may be triggering

45
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

LESS THAN 1 MO
symptoms are the same: timeline defines diagnosis
experience or witness event experienced to be life threatening
intrusive thoughts
memories
flashbacks
nightmares
not trying to think about it
negative mood: frequent shame, survivor’s guilt
hyper-arousal (startle response) : jumpy & tense
easily agitated
avoid situations/places may be triggering

46
Q

Anxiety Disorder Unspecified

A

symptoms of anxiety are linked to even but it was not life threatening

47
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

UP TO 1 MO
all same symptoms timeline determines diagnosis
5 Categories
1. Delusions - belief that is false - a) Non-Bizarre Delusion: possible, but not probable b) Bizarre Delusion - not possible
2.Hallucinations - visual & auditory
3. Disorganized Speech - rambling, incoherent
4. Disorganized Behaviors - moving, gestures, impulsive reactions (usually reacting to hallucinations)
5. Negative Symptoms - flat affect, quiet, problems w movement/stiff

48
Q

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

A

make seomeon else appear sick or actually make them sick to get the attention of being the caregiver

48
Q

Bereavement

A

grieving the death significant loved one/pet
feelings of loss, anger, despair, self-blame
can be a trigger of major depressive disorder

49
Q

Adjustment Disorder w Depressed Mood

A

not diagnosed w Bereavement (pick bereavement over this)
reaction to something that happens in environment - recent life stressor
timeline: symptoms present WITHIN 3 mo of the stressor & cannot go BEYOND 6 mo

50
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of leaving the house
fear of going out in public
must be in at least 2 different situations
fear is excessive to the point of impaired functioning
avoids situations in public places or areas where an immediate escape might be difficult

52
Q

Panic Disorder

A

reoccurring unexpected panic attacks
live in constant fear of the recurrence
panic attack feels like they are going to die - very unpleasant & overwhelming experience
shape life around trying to avoid panic attack - impairs functioning

52
Q

Bipolar I Disorder w Psychotic Features

A

Mood disorder (primary) w psychotic features (secondary)

54
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

specific anxiety separating attachment figures/caregiver
in children: at least 4 weeks
in adults: at least 6 mo
anticipatory anxiety & constant worrying about caregiver

55
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

psychotic features present at all times

mood disorder comes & goes (experiencing depressive or manic symptoms)

55
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

defiant
argumentative
problems w authority
refuse to comply w any kind of directives
don’t want to do anything anyone tells them
problematic - impairs function

56
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

violation or rights of others
law breaking activity - stealing, vandalism, property destruction
violent behavior
lack of remorse
*this is a criteria to diagnose anti-social personality disorder as an adult**

57
Q

Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder

A

used to be known as “bipolar in children”
diagnosed usually 6-10 but up to 17
chronically irritable/moody
re-occuring temper tantrums
outbursts happen at least 3x/week
generally negative mood even w/o outbursts

59
Q

Schizophreniform

A

1 MO - 6 MO
all same symptoms timeline determines diagnosis
5 Categories
1. Delusions - belief that is false - a) Non-Bizarre Delusion: possible, but not probable b) Bizarre Delusion - not possible
2.Hallucinations - visual & auditory
3. Disorganized Speech - rambling, incoherent
4. Disorganized Behaviors - moving, gestures, impulsive reactions (usually reacting to hallucinations)
5. Negative Symptoms - flat affect, quiet, problems w movement/stiff

59
Q

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

A 
*shows up early 9mo-5yrs - result of pervasive neglect/abuse/change in caregivers*
no boundaries 
overly comfortable w strangers
attach easily w strangers
behaviors stand out 
not the normal interactions w strangers
61
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A

specific context of being w group of people
fear social situations
concerns of being judged, rejected, observed
withdrawn
keep to people they are comfortable w
can be w strangers or people you know (there is a range)
self-conscious and anxious in front of others to the point that it gets in the way of doing things

62
Q

Language Disorder

A

0-5
difficulty building vocabulary
reduced vocabulary
significantly below normal
uses simple sentences & difficulty w anything longer than a 5 word sentence
impairs ability to communicate but can produce sounds and speech is understandable

63
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder

A 
*shows up early 9mo-5yrs - result of pervasive neglect/abuse/change in caregivers*
must have an onset before age 5
have given up that anyone cares about them
withdrawn
do not seek comfort
don't respond
irritable
limited range of affect
often sad & fearful
little excitement
focused on themselves
don't act out
difficulty engaging w others bc focused on themselves
65
Q

Selective Mutism

A

individual fails to speak in particular situations (usually w kids at school but fine at home)
impairment of ability to participate

65
Q

Enuresis

A

Pee
at least five years old and is unintentionally urinating twice a week, generally for about 3 months
Trauma

66
Q

Tourette’s Disorder

A

BOTH motor & vocal tics

uncontrollable

68
Q

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

A

impaired social communication

69
Q

Encopresis

A

Poop
Above Age 4
Trauma
Pattern of soiling themselves

70
Q

Rumination Disorder

A

repeated involuntary regurgitation of food that’s not related to any other food disorder
reflux disorder
eat food & regurgitate it

71
Q

Pica Disorder

A

persistent eating of non-food substances

72
Q

Persistent Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder

A

EITHER motor or vocal tic

73
Q

Child Onset Fluency Disorder

A

0-5
stuttering
sound or syllable repeated
broken words (long pause between two syllable words)

73
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A 
symptoms present before age 12
2 or more contexts (home/school/work)
inattention 
procrastination
cannot sustain attention
interrupts
hyperactive
restless
hard time doing mental tasks
moves often
hard time staying still
fidgets
seeks stimulation frequently
hard time organized
unable to complete tasks/follow directions
75
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

A

related to math/reading/writing skills - specify based on presentation
difficulty learning basic academic skills that should be able to be learned based on age & IQ (unable to learn the way most do)
need to get info. in a diff. way - auditory, visual, repetition (explained differently)
not processing information in meaning way - cause disruption behaviors issues
important to rule out when considering ADHD

75
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A 
shows up young 0-5
deficiencies in social communication & interaction
poor eye contact
lack social reciprocity
poor non-verbal communication
limited or no play
stereotyped behaviors & speech
hard time transitions
hyper/hypo sensitivity to inputs
76
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

symptoms present for AT LEAST 2 years

hypomanic symptoms/state and milder depressive symptoms (unspecified depressive disorder)

77
Q

ADHD can be diagnosed only if the symptoms were present before age of ____

A

12 years old

78
Q

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

A

repetitive movements generally start at a younger age (than compared to Tourette’s disorder) and the movements last longer than tics would

79
Q

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A

persistent or recurrently deficient sexual or erotic thoughts, fantasies, and desire for sexual activity.
These symptoms must have persisted for a minimum of six months, and they must cause clinically significant distress.
The disorder is specified by severity level and subtyped into lifelong versus acquired, generalized versus situational.

80
Q

What psychotropic medication is commonly used to treat Bipolar Disorder?

A

Lithium

81
Q

Unspecified Depressive Disorder

A

Doesn’t meet the full criteria of Major Depressive Disorder
individual is still functioning
mild disturbances of biological functioning

82
Q

Secondary Insomnia Disorder

A

symptoms of insomnia arise from a primary medical illness, mental disorders or other sleep disorders

83
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

“Hypochondriac”
preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
No or very MILD somatic symptoms
high level of anxiety about health & easily alarmed about personal health status
performs excessive health related behaviors
failure to have actual medical condition diagnosed
intense fear that they have serious issue despite MD reassurance they don’t
shop around MD & do a lot of research
present for AT LEAST 6 mo.
A willingness to consider the possibility that no serious disease actually exists

84
Q

According to the DSM-V, for Substance Use Disorder to be in Sustained Full Remission, the length of the absence of the symptoms must be

A

One Year

85
Q

Korsakoff Syndrome

A

generally the result of chronic alcohol abuse

86
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia most commonly occur within the age range of?

A

17-45

87
Q

What is the biggest differential between Avoidant Personality Disorder & Schizoid Personality Disorder?

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder: WANT to connect but fear to do so

Schizoid Personality Disorder: prefer to be ALONE, social connection is not needed

88
Q

What is the difference between Schizoid Personality Disorder & Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

1.Cold, unresponsive, or neglectful parents increase the risk of schizoid personality. Autism begins in utero and is never caused by bad parenting
2. Schizoid people are aloof and do not care much about others. Autistic people often care deeply, but show it differently, and may withdraw because it is overwhelming
3. Some autistic people want close relationships, but do not know how to obtain them.
4. People with schizoid PD have little or no desire to find love and marry. Many autistic people enjoy romantic relationships and may get married.
While autistic people may have unique body language, they will almost always react. People with schizoid personality disorder will appear indifferent.
5. Most autistic people have or want close relationships with a few loved ones, such as family or friends. People with schizoid PD will remain indifferent.
An autistic person may not pick up on subtle social cues like body language. A person who has schizoid personality disorder might over-interpret these things, often in a suspicious way
6.Social differences in schizoid PD are caused mainly by a lack of interest, while in autism, they are caused by confusion and lack of skills.
7. Autistic children develop at their own pace, meeting milestones more slowly, more quickly, or out of order. Unless another disability is present, people with schizoid traits will follow the expected timeline
8.Someone with schizoid PD shows little interest in hobbies and other activities, having no or very few activities they enjoy. Autistic people typically have a few “special interests,” which are narrow, intense, and extremely passionate
9. Autism becomes visible in childhood, while schizoid PD usually begins around early adulthood.

89
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Psychological issue converts into somatic
have actual physical symptoms such as blindness or paralysis that have no medical explanation
ex: “blind rage” or if there is trauma then they loose function or paralyze limb

90
Q

Trichotillomania

A

characterized by a compulsive urge to pull out one’s own hair especially when stressed

91
Q

Major Symptoms of Amphetamine Intoxication

A

may experience psychosis, particularly in individuals who are heavy users
may also experience palpitations, disorientation, and rapid/tangential speech

92
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

reporting conflict between physical gender and identified gender

93
Q

Excoriation Disorder

A

(skin picking)
will pick or scratch at their skin to the point where damage is caused
often done when the individual is feeling anxious or stressed

94
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A

symptoms occur within the week before menstrual cycle and then disappear.
experience depressive symptoms within 5-11 days before their menstrual cycle
These symptoms then lessen or disappear completely once it has started.

95
Q

Restless Leg Syndrome

A

reporting sensations and discomfort in legs during times when trying to rest.
Moving the legs helps for a little bit, but does not always fully relieve the discomfort

96
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A 
at least 2 weeks
negative mood
lack of enjoyment & motivation
changes in biological functioning
suicidal ideation
hopelessness/worthlessness, feelings of burden
can be w bereavement
97
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

depressed mood at least 2 years for adults ( 1 yr for youth)
not as severe as major depressive disorder
on & off symptoms
basically unspecified but chronic condition

98
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A 
MANIA: evalated mood that leads to significant impairment for at least 1 week - feeling positive, grandiose thoughts, risky behaviors) unusual for the person to behave like this - excessive energy/lack of sleep, euphoria
denial of manic episode
damage done to relationships
usually followed by depressive episode
a lot of exercise
99
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

milder form of mood elevation (hypomania)
hypomania state alternates with severe depression
hypomania not as impaired as mania & not as severe problems are caused

100
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

somatic issue present & documented by MD
severe health related anxiety
devote time & energy to symptoms which decrease functioning
present for at least 6 months

101
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A

stops breathing while asleep
when they resume breathing : loud snore/gasp
disrupt quality of sleep - really tired

102
Q

Kleptomania

A

compulsive stealing NOT for need but for fun

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