DSM-5 Flashcards

Question

PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER

Answer 1

key features are expression of mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms during the premenstrual phase that remit around the onset of menses or shortly thereafter. Must have happened during the majority of menstrual cycles over the past year and must have an adverse effect on work or social functioning. Should be confirmed by 2 months of prospective symptom ratings.

Answer 2

``` shared features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances; arranged developmentally SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER SELECTIVE MUTISM SPECIFIC PHOBIA SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER (social phobia) PANIC DISORDER AGORAPHOBIA GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION-INDUCED ANXIETY DISORDER OTHER SPECIFIED ANXIETY DISORDER ```

Answer 3

One month for children and 6 months for adults. Where someone will become anxious when they are apart from their caregiver or someone significant. CT will feel sick and do anything to get back close to the identified person.

Answer 4

do not initiate or reciprocally respond when spoken to by others in social interactions with children or adults; may speak in front of immediate family members and/or at home; often refuse to speak at school; may interfere with social communication; onset usually before age 5

Answer 5

anxiety surrounding a presence of a specific situation or object that is out of proportion to the actual danger presented happening nearly every time the object or situation appears; they actively avoid the situation/object; typically lasting 6 months or more and must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Answer 6

6 months or longer, where someone would be anxious to be in social situations for fear of being scrutinized, belittled, criticized

Answer 7

Physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, twitching/shaking, fear of dying and feelings of unreality and fears having future panic attacks - recurrent (more than 1), unexpected (no known trigger) panic attacks where at least 1 attack has been followed by 1 month or more of persistent concern/worry about additional attacks and/or significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks

Answer 8

essential feature is marked, or intense, fear or anxiety triggered by using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone; must experience thoughts that something bad will happen and the fear/anxiety is out of proportion to the situation; actively avoids putting themselves in the feared situation;

Answer 9

6 months or longer, where someone will be irritable, feeling on edge, fear of something awful happening, sleep disturbances, worrying about different things at the same time

Answer 10

when presentation doesn’t meet the criteria for any specific anxiety disorder

Answer 11

characterized by the presence of obsessions (involuntary, intrusive/unwanted recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER HOARDING DISORDER TRICHOTILLOMANIA (HAIR-PULLING DISORDER EXCORIATION (SKIN-PICKING) DISORDER SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION-INDUCED OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDER DUE TO ANOTHER MEDICAL CONDITION OTHER SPECIFIED OCD UNSPECIFIED OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDER

Answer 12

(at least 1 hr per day) obsessions and/or compulsions that cause marked distress - try to neutralize them with another thought or action (compulsions) - Where someone is preoccupied with structure, rules, perfectionism type personality, and is inflexible with their goals and unable to throw out objects even with they are worn out and stubborn -poor insight

Answer 13

preoccupied (time-consuming) with perceived flaws in physical appearance - excessive repetitive behaviors OR mental acts performed in response -with Muscle Dysmorphia - mainly males - preoccupation with body too small/insufficient muscles

Answer 14

intentional, persistent, long standing, difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value which causes clutter/congestion in living areas to the extent that their intended use is no longer possible; main reason given is the items’ utility or aesthetic value and/or strong sentimental attachment; causes clinically significant distress/impairment in at least one important area of functioning

Answer 15

essential feature is recurrent pulling out of one’s hair in one or more areas of the body after repeated attempts to stop cause significant distress or impairment in at least one important area of functioning; usual onset is adolescence

Answer 16

essential feature is recurrent picking at one’s own skin from one or multiple body sites that leave lesions and continues even after several attempts to stop the behavior; the behavior takes up a significant amount of time; may happen for months or years; may try to conceal/ camouflage lesions; usual onset is adolescence

Answer 17

body dysmorphic-like disorder with actual flaws, body dysmorphic-like disorder without repetitive behaviors; body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

Answer 18

do not meet full criteria for any obsessive-compulsive disorders, but causes significant

Answer 19

include disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is listed explicitly as diagnostic criterion REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER PTSD ACUTE STRESS DISORDER ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS OTHER SPECIFIED TRAUMA - AND STRESSOR- RELATED DISORDER UNSPECIFIED TRAUMA - AND STRESSOR- RELATED DISORDER

Answer 20

characterized in infancy/early childhood by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors; essential feature is absent or grossly underdeveloped attachment to supposed caregiving adults; can form selective attachments but show no consistent effort to gain comfort, support, nurturance, or protection from caregivers when distressed; history of neglect or insufficient care as an infant

Answer 21

essential feature is a pattern of behavior the involves culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers in a child over the age of 9 months and before age 2 (can manifest through adolescence) with a history of social neglect or deprivation in the meeting of basic needs (frequent change in caregivers, rearing in unusual circumstances)

Answer 22

recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories are present; the event is “re-experienced” in various ways and the person tries to avoid memories, thoughts, feelings, and external reminders of the traumatic event; negative moods and/or cognitions begin to worsen with the event

Answer 23

lasting from 3 days to 1 month - following exposure to one or more traumatic events; typically includes anxiety responses usually including a form of re-experiencing or reactivity to the event; depersonalization and/or derealization may occur; stimuli associated with the trauma are avoided; may have sleep troubles

Answer 24

begins within 3 months of stressor event and lasting - no more than 6 months -essential feature is the presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor - associated with increased risks of suicide attempts and completed suicide

Answer 25

applies to presentations in which symptoms are characteristic of a trauma- and stressor- related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the criteria for any disorders in this diagnostic class; specific reasons are indicated

Answer 26

applies to presentations in which symptoms are characteristic of a trauma- and stressor- related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the criteria for any disorders in this diagnostic class, but no specific reasons are given

Answer 27

``` characterized by a disruption and/or discontinuity of the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior; symptoms can potentially disrupt every area of psychological functioning - DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER OTHER SPECIFIED DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER UNSPECIFIED DISSOCIATIVE DISORDE ```

Answer 28

defining feature is presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession with recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events not consistent with ordinary forgetting (amnesia)

Answer 29

defining characteristic is inability to recall important autobiographical information that should be stored in memory and ordinarily would be readily remembered LOCALIZED: failure to recall events during a specific period of time; most common form GENERALIZED: complete loss of memory for one’s life history with an acute onset SYSTEMATIZED: loses memory for a specific category of information CONTINUOUS: forgets each new event as it happens

Answer 30

recurrent experiences of depersonalization (unreality, detachment, being an outside observer to one’s own thoughts feeling, sensations, body or actions: altered sense of time) and/or derealization (unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings: in a fog or bubble)

Answer 31

symptoms are characteristic of a dissociative disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the full criteria of any of the disorders; specifications indicate specific reasons why the presentation doesn’t meet the criteria for other dissociative disorders

Answer 32

symptoms are characteristic of a dissociative disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the full criteria of any of the disorders but doesn’t specify

Answer 33

the prominence of somatic symptoms associated with significant distress and impairment SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER CONVERSION DISORDER (FUNCTIONAL NEUOLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISORDER PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING OTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONS FACTITIOUS DISORDER (Munchausen) and FACTITIOUS DISORDER IMPOSED ON ANOTHER (Munchausen by proxy):

Answer 34

multiple, current, somatic symptoms that are distressing (can have very high levels of worry about symptoms) or result in significant disruption of daily life; symptoms may be specific or generalized; often high level of medical care utilization (hypochondriasis is usually associated with this)

Answer 35

a preoccupation of having or getting a serious undiagnosed medical illness without somatic symptoms present or if they are they are mild in intensity; serious anxiety about a disease; a thorough eval doesn’t identify a serious medical condition that accounts for the patient’s concerns; the distress comes from the anxiety about the meaning, significance, or cause of the complaint, not the illness itself

Answer 36

one or more symptoms of motor impairment not clinically explained by neurological disease

Answer 37

essential feature is presence of one or more clinically significant psychological or behavioral factors that adversely affect a medical condition by increasing the risk for suffering, death, or disability

Answer 38

essential feature is falsification of medical or psychological (or injury, or disease) signs and symptoms in oneself or others that are associated with identified deception

Answer 39

characterized by persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food significantly impairing physical health or psychological functioning PICA RUMINATION DISORDER AVOIDANT/RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER

Answer 40

severity based on how low bmi is; 3 essential features: persistent energy intake restriction; intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain; and a disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape; must maintain a significantly low body weight (less than minimally normal)

Answer 41

severity is determined by number of episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week; 3 essential factors: recurrent binge eating, recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, and self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight; compensatory behaviors and binge eating must occur, on average, at least once per week every week for 3 months

Answer 42

severity is determined by number of binges per week; essential feature: binge eating that happens, on average, at least once per week for 3 months; must have a feeling of lack of control during a binge; people are usually ashamed of their binge eating behaviors and try to conceal their symptoms

Answer 43

the distress from an individual’s affective/cognitive discontent with their assigned gender for at least 6 months duration manifested by several criterion separated out by age: IN CHILDREN, IN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS

Answer 44

include conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors; unique in that these problems are manifested in behaviors that violate the rights of others

Answer 45

essential feature is a frequent and persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness for at least 6 months (under 5yrs on most days; over 5 yrs at least 1x per week); may be confined to only one setting (mild); 2 settings (moderate), or 3 or more settings (severe); the symptoms are part of a pattern of problematic interactions with others

Answer 46

recurrent, impulsive (or anger based), aggressive, behavioral outbursts with rapid onset typically lasting less than 30 minutes and commonly occur in response to a minor provocation by a close intimate or associate; characterized by temper tantrums, tirades, verbal arguments, or fights, or assault without damage to objects or without injury to animals or other individuals in between more severe destructive/assaultive episodes that do result in destruction and/or harm

Answer 47

essential feature is repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior where the basic rights of others of major age-appropriate social norms or rules are violated; 3 main groupings: aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals; non aggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage; serious violations of rules; behaviors must be present in the past 12 months and at least 1 in the past 6 months

Answer 48

essential feature is the presence of multiple episodes of deliberate and purposeful fire setting; the individuals experience tension or affective arousal before fire setting and there is a fascination with, interest in, curiosity about, or attraction to fire and is situational context

Answer 49

essential feature is recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items not needed for personal use or monetary value; experiences rising subjective sense of tension before the theft and feels pleasure, gratification, or relief when stealing; not done to express anger or vengeance and not done in response to a delusion or hallucination; occasionally the individual may hoard the stolen objects or surreptitiously return them

Answer 50

while characteristic of these disorders and cause clinically significant impairment or distress, symptoms do not meet the full criteria for any one of the disorders; the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason the presentation doesn’t meet the criteria

Answer 51

while characteristic of these disorders and cause clinically significant impairment or distress, symptoms do not meet the full criteria for any one of the disorders; the clinician chooses NOT to communicate the specific reason the presentation doesn’t meet the criteria

Answer 52

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment

Answer 53

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture manifesting in 2 or more symptoms: cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self, others and events), affectivity (range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response); interpersonal functioning, impulse control; the enduring pattern in inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations and leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning without being better explained by another mental disorder and not attributable to a substance

Answer 54

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

Answer 55

a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent beginning in early adulthood and presenting in a variety of ways: suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them; preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates; reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the info will be used maliciously against them; reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events persistently bears grudges; perceives attacks on their character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to counterattack or react angrily; has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner; not attributed to a medication or occurring during the course of schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive disorder, or another psychotic disorder

Answer 56

a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by four or more of the following: neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family; almost always chooses solitary activities; has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person; takes pleasure in few, if any, activities; lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives; appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others; shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity- does not occur during the course of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder or any other medical condition

Answer 57

a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 or more of the following: ideas/delusions of reference; odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms; unusual perceptual experiences; including bodily illusions; odd thinking and speech suspiciousness or paranoid ideation; inappropriate or constricted affect; behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar; lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives; excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self-does not occur during the course of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder or autism spectrum disorder

Answer 58

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

Answer 59

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by 3 or more of the following: failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest; deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit of pleasure; impulsivity or failure to plan ahead; irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults; reckless regard for safety of self or others; consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations; lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another- must be at least 18 years old; evidence of the disorder with onset before age 15; does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Answer 60

a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the following: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment; a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation; identity disturbance (markedly and persistently unstable self-image, or sense of self; impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentially selfdamaging (sex, spending, substance abuse, reckless driving); recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior; affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting from a few hours and only rarely more than a few days); chronic feelings of emptiness; inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger; transient, stress related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptom

Answer 61

a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the following: is uncomfortable in situations in which he/she is not the center of attention; interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior; displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions; consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self; has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail; shows self-dramatization, theatricity, and exaggerated expression of emotion; is suggestible (easily influenced by others and circumstances); considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are

Answer 62

a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior) need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the following: grandiose sense of self-importance; is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love; believes he/she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people or institutions; requires excessive admiration; has a sense of entitlement (unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations); interpersonally exploitive (takes advantage of others to achieve his/her own ends); lacks empathy (is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others; often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him/her; shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

Answer 63

AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER

Answer 64

a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 4 or more of the following; avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection; unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked; shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed; preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations; inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of the feelings of inadequacy; views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others; unusually reluctant to take personal risks or engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing

Answer 65

a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 5 or more of the following: has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others; needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his/her life; has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval; has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant; feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being able to care for him/herself; urgently seeks another relationships as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends; unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of him/herself

Answer 66

a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 4 or more of the following: preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost; shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion; excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships; overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (outside of religion); unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value; reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his/her way of doing things; adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others- money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes; shows rigidity and stubbornness