Development

Question 1

Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 1

Human behavior is determined by the action and the interplay of unconscious drives: pleasure and aggression

Question 2

Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory

Subconscious (unconscious)

Answer 2

repressed experiences and fantasies (content too overwhelming)

Question 3

Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory

Preconscious

Answer 3

content not needed in the moment, but could be accessed - suppressed NOT repressed - “I’ll worry about that tomorrow”

Question 4

Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory

Conscious

Answer 4

access to stimuli from the outer world, as well as, “inner events” thoughts emotions and memories - reality based functioning

Question 5

Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

Answer 5

ID - primal desires, basic nature - your wild child
EGO - reason and self-control - your practical “grown up” self
Superego - the quest for perfection - your philosophical and spiritual ideals

Question 6

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Answer 6

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Question 7

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Stage 1

Answer 7

Oral
Birth-1 year
point of interest = mouth
activities for gratification = sucking, chewing

Question 8

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Stage 2

Answer 8

Anal
1-3 years
Point of interest = anus
Activities for gratification = withholding or expelling feces

Question 9

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Stage 3

Answer 9

Phallic
3-6 years
point of interest=genitals
activities for gratification = fondling with genitals, masturbation

Question 10

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Stage 4

Answer 10

Latency
6-puberty
Point of Interest = Environment
Activities for gratification = games, play

Question 11

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Stage 5

Answer 11

Genital
Adolescence/Adulthood
Point of interest = opposite
activities for gratification = crushes, going steady, marriage

Question 12

Personality Development via Psychosexual Stages: Adult Personality Types

Answer 12

Oral: infantile, demanding, dependent behavior
Preoccupation with oral gratification
Anal: stinginess, focus on accumulating and collecting
Rigidity in forms and routines
Suspiciousness
Legalistic thinking
Phallic: selfishly exploits others without out regard for needs or concerns

Question 13

Evolution of Defense MechanismsAnna Freud

Answer 13

Unconscious attempts, by ego, to expel from consciousness sexual and aggressive impulses
Result is reduction in anxiety
Not inherently pathological; issue is their rigidity or inflexibility as it affects social functioning

Question 14

Denial

Answer 14

Confrontation with a personal problem or with reality is avoided by denying the existence of the problem or reality

Question 15

Projection

Answer 15

Rejects his or her own unacceptable attributes by ascribing them to others.

Question 16

Regression

Answer 16

Resuming behaviors associated with an earlier developmental stage or level of functioning in order to avoid present anxiety.
(Ex: First born child shows bed-wetting after new sibling is born)

Question 17

Repression

Answer 17

Keeping unwanted thoughts and feelings entirely out of awareness or consciousness.
A crucial mechanism in all neurotic behavior.
Major repression: loss of memory for specific incidents, especially traumatic ones or those associated with painful emotions (fugue state)
Minor repression: lapses of memory at significant times (introducing a well-known speaker)

Question 18

Suppression

Answer 18

Putting out of awareness, consciously, something that is disturbing and anxiety provoking (can be helpful)

Question 19

Displacement

Answer 19

Shifting negative feelings about one person or situation onto another

Question 20

Intellectualization

Answer 20

Avoiding unacceptable emotions…hyper intellectual manner

Question 21

Introjection

Answer 21

Person internalizes the beliefs of other people. (common among children and parents).When people introject, they identify with a person or object so strongly that they cannot separate that person or object from themselves.

Question 22

Identification

Answer 22

Person patterns his or her personality on that of another person, assuming the person’s qualities, characteristics, and actions.
Normal for 3- to 5-year-olds who identify with parental same-sex figures.
Resurgence in adolescence as a major task of identifying with peers.
Beyond these…it is seen as maladaptive

Question 23

Isolation of Affect

Answer 23

Splitting of thoughts from the feelings originally associated with them
Repression of feelings associated with particular content or experience
Recognizable in the person who is able to talk about things that would ordinarily make a person wince without any noticeable feeling
Ex. A doctor describing a mutilated accident victim in cool clinical terms is someone who is adaptively using isolation of affect.

Question 24

Rationalizing

Answer 24

Justifying one’s behaviors and motivations by substituting “good”, acceptable reasons for these real motivations
Ex. “I always study hard for tests and I know a lot of people who cheat so it’s not a big deal I cheated this time.”

Question 25

Undoing

Answer 25

Trying to reverse or "undo" a thought or feeling by performing an action that signifies an opposite feeling than your original thought or feeling Ex. You have feelings of dislike for someone so you buy them a gift

Question 26

Denial

Answer 26

Not accepting reality because it is too painful. | Ex. You are arrested for drunk driving several times but don't believe you have a problem with alcohol

Question 27

Splitting

Answer 27

Everything in the world is seen as all good or all bad with nothing in between. Ex. You think your best friend is absolutely worthless because he forgot a lunch date with you.

Question 28

Reaction Formation

Answer 28

Involves replacing an impulse with its extreme opposite. Often turning the forbidden wish into its opposite. Response is often seen as excessive, “too much” Ex. Person who feels an uncontrollable need to drink instead forbids all drinking, pickets taverns, and does everything possible to stop the entire world from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Question 29

Somatization

Answer 29

Tendency to experience and communicate psychological distress in the form of physical symptoms and to seek medical help for them

Question 30

Sublimation

Answer 30

Converting an impulse from a socially unacceptable aim to a socially acceptable one (aggression…football)

Question 31

Major Ego Functions

Answer 31

``` Reality Testing Judgement Sense of Identity Impulse Control Interpersonal (Object) relations Regulation of Thought Processes Regression in Service of the Ego Defensive Functioning Stimulus Regulation Synthetic-Integrative Function Autonomous Functioning ```

Question 32

Major Ego Functions | Reality Testing

Answer 32

Accurate perception of the external environment, one’s internal world and of the differences between them. Is the client oriented to time, place, and person? Is there evidence of a thought disorder (hallucinations, delusions, loose associations)?

Question 33

Major Ego Functions | Judgment

Answer 33

Capacity to identify courses of action by anticipating and weighing consequences of behavior Critical for effective problem solving

Question 34

Major Ego Functions | Sense of Identity

Answer 34

Coherent physical and psychological sense of self.

Question 35

Major Ego Functions | Impulse Control

Answer 35

Ability to distinguish between primary (drives or impulses) and secondary (planned) mental processes

Question 36

Major Ego Functions | Interpersonal (Object) Relations

Answer 36

Development of one’s internalized sense of self and of others Ability to manage relationships appropriately toward goal achievement Ability to see other people as unique rather than replications of significant others from our past

Question 37

Major Ego Functions | Regulation of Thought Processes

Answer 37

Capacity to perceive, attend to stimuli, concentrate, anticipate, symbolize, remember and reason in order to undertake appropriate action Communicates thought clearly through language Thinking and speaking are organized, logical, oriented to reality rather than fragmented and irrational

Question 38

Major Ego Functions | Regression in Service of the Ego

Answer 38

An ability to permit oneself to relax, without guilt. (Example…mental health day) To experience aspects of self that are not ordinarily based on current reality Can emerge with increased adaptive capacity

Question 39

Major Ego Functions | Defensive Functioning

Answer 39

automatic psychological processing that protects against anxiety or fear. (example…humor) Do they seem to be adaptive or a source of conflict for the client?

Question 40

Major Ego Functions | Stimulus Regulation

Answer 40

Regulating the amount of stimulation received so that it is optimal: neither too little nor too great. Can the client screen and select external stimuli to maintain a focus on relevant life concerns? Does the client tend to become overwhelmed or underwhelmed?

Question 41

Major Ego Functions | Synthetic-Integrative Function

Answer 41

Capacity to organize mental processes into a coherent form. Responsible for personality integration, resolution of splits, fragmentations, and conflicting tendencies within the personality

Question 42

Major Ego Functions | Autonomous Functioning

Answer 42

Degree of freedom from impairment of primary autonomous capabilities Sight, hearing, language, motor function, intelligence, memory, learning; capacity to maintain attention, concentration These functions are autonomous from the drives, conflict free, and do not arise in response to frustration and conflict

Question 43

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial development

Answer 43

Mastering the development crises of each stage allows for psychological adaption and growth - Impact of Environment and culture

Question 44

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 44

birth - 1 year, infancy | If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust

Question 45

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 45

1-3. toddlerhood | Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves. or they doubt their abilities

Question 46

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | Initiative vs. guilt

Answer 46

3-6, preschool | preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

Question 47

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | competency vs. inferiority

Answer 47

6-puberty, elementary school | children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Question 48

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 48

Adolescence Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and them integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Question 49

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 49

early 20's-40's young adults work to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated - this one is built on the previous stages

Question 50

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 50

40's-60's In middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Question 51

Erikson, Issue to Resolve | Integrity vs. despair

Answer 51

Mid 60's and up | reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure