DSM-5 Flashcards
What is a mental disorder?
Significant disturbance in a person’s cognition, emotional state, or behavior that reflects dysfunction in mental functioning.
3 considerations for diagnostic assessment
- problem interferes with daily functioning
- environmental context in which behaviors are occurring
- Culture of both client and practitioner
Disorders are ________ that are now seen as dysfunctional and causing great distress in adult life.
coping strategies
Diagnosis
The process of identifying a problem and its underlying causes
Diagnosis vs Assessment
Diagnosis: seeking underlying causes
Assessment: the analysis
Positives of assessment:
uniform diagnosis, improves communication, basis for education
Negatives of Assessment
lead to diagnostic labels, limited info on environment, doesn’t describe intervention strategy
DSM:
diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders
DSM-5 came out which year?
2013
DSM 1 characteristics:
Biopsychosocial model, psychoanalystic, 106 disorders
DSM 2 characteristics
Eliminated disease model, treatment aimed at treating disease, 182 disorders
DSM 3 characteristics
No belief in brain plasticity, treatment couldn’t affect structure of brain, use disease model for observations, multi-axial review introduced, 265 disorders
DSM 3 revision characteristics
standardized diagnostic criteria/categories
DSM 4 characteristics
retained some disease model, retained multi-axial system, NOS concepts introduced
DSM 5 characteristics
New classification system, severity scores replace GAF, more dimensional focus, respect for age culture and gender, dedication to children, suicide risk, risk factors
DSM 4 Axis 1
clinical disorders
DSM 4 Axis 2
personality disorders
DSM 4 axis 3
general medical conditions
DSM 4 axis 4
psychosocial and environmental problems
DSM 4 axis 5
global assessment of functioning (GAF)
Which axes are combined in the DSM 5?
1 2 and 3
Section 1 of DSM 5
introduction
section 2 of dsm 5
20 classifications
section 3 of dsm 5
assessments and diagnostics
Dystonic conditions
(good insight) client experiences distress and has no capacity to cope with condition, motivated for therapy
Syntonic conditions
(absent insight) heavily defended, reluctant to change, resistant to therapy
0 severity
no impairment, GAF 100-71
1 severity
mild impairment, GAF 70-61
2 severity
moderate impairment, GAF 60-51
3 severity
severe impairment, GAF 50-31
4 severity
very severe impairment, GAF 30-1
How many criteria for mild impairment?
2
How many criteria for moderate impairment?
4
How many criteria for severe impairment?
6
Subtype:
mutually exclusive subgroupings within a diagnosis
Provisional Diagnosis
used with a strong presumption that full criteria will be met for diagnosis but not enough info to confirm
Unspecified disorders
meet category description but not criteria for disorder
Other specified disorder:
communicate reason that client doesn’t meet criteria for any specific category
3 psychological factors in assessment
- mental functioning
- cognitive functioning
- assessment of lethality
2 biomedical factors in assessment
- general medical (physical disability of illness and how it affects daily living)
- perceived overall health status
5 social/environmental factors
- social help seeking
- occupational participation
- social support
- family support
- ethnic/religious affiliation
culture
sum total of knowledge passed on from generation to generation within an given society
cognitive schemas
learned structures of cognition used by an individual to make sense of the world
are cognitive schemas dependent on cultural learning to a large extent?
yes
Brain plasticity
neural structures can adapt to stressors
