Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS Exam II > DSA Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Mechanics > Flashcards

DSA Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the junctions that are present in the spine?

A

Craniocervical Cervicothoracic Thoracolumbar Lumbosacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the points of the gravitational line?

A

External Auditory canal Head of the humerus L3 Anterior 1/3 of sacrum Lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two parts of the back that are in lordosis? Kyphosis?

A

Lordosis: Cervical and lumbar Kyphosis: Sacral and thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the thoracic vertebrae in terms of 1. body 2. spinous process

A

1, medium sized, heart shaped, costal facets present 2. long, slope poster-inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the lumbar vertebrae in terms of 1. body 2. spinous process

A
  1. large sized and kidney shaped 2. short and broad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define a vertebral unit

A

Two adjacent vertebrae associated intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the spinous processes of T1-T3, T12

A

Located at the level of the corresponding transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the spinous processes that are located at T4-T6, T11

A

Spinous processes are 1/3 of a segment below the corresponding transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the spinous processes that are located at T7-T9, T10

A

Spinous process located at the level of the spinous process as the one below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the superior fact orientation of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Backwards Upwards Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the superior fact orientation of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Backwards Upwards Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the superior fact orientation of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Backwards Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

strong, broad fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs Limits extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

narrower, weaker band that runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies resists hyper flexion prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the ligamentous flava

A

Connects the lamina of the adjacent vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the interspinous ligaments

A

Connects the adjoining spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the inter transverse ligaments

A

connects the adjacent transverse processes

18
Q

What are the transversespinalis muscles?

A

Rotatores (longus and brevis) Multifidus Semispinalis (semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis)

19
Q

Define coupled motion

A

consistent association of a motion along or about one motion with another motion occurring along a second axis The principle motion could not be produced without the associated motion happening as well

20
Q

Who is Harrison Fryette?

A

A DO that described the physiologic motion of the spine published in 1918 developed 2 principles of spinal motion

21
Q

______ ______ developed the third Fryette principle in 1948

A

C.R. Nelson

22
Q

What is the first Fryette principle? (type 1 mechanics)

A

In the neutral range, side bending and rotation are coupled in opposite directions ***rotates towards the convexity (tends to be a group of vertebra)

23
Q

What is the second Fryette principle? (type 2 mechanics)

A

Flexion or extension, and side bending and rotation are coupled in the same direction *** rotates toward the concavity (tends to be a single vertebrae)

24
Q

What is Fryettes third principle?

A

Initating movement of a vertebral segment in any place will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion If motion is restricted in one motion it will be restricted in the other, and same with improvement

25
Q

What is scoliosis? What is it named towards?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine named toward the convexity -levo(left-obscures the heart) -dextro(right-frames the heart)

26
Q

What are possible physical exam findings of a patient that has scoliosis?

A

asymmetry of the sacral base or periscapular area rib cage prominence leg length discrepancies Cobb angle (high) forward bending test (see if there is a deformity)

27
Q

Describe the treatment of scoliosis based on varying Cobb angles 1. less than 25 degrees 2. 25-45 degrees 3. greater than 50 degrees

A
  1. conservative; monitor with frequent X-rays 2. non-operative, bracing 3. surgical fusion, prevents progression
28
Q

What are the concerns of curves of the spine that are 1. above 50 degrees 2. above 75 degrees?

A
  1. respiratory compromise 2. cardiac compromise
29
Q

What are 3 reasons of mechanical low back pain with radiation below the knee?

A
  1. herniated nucleus pulposus 2. spinal stenosis 3. cauda equina
30
Q

What are the clinical features of herniated lumbar nucleus pulposus (L4-L5 disc herniation)

A
  1. Pain in the sacroiliac joint, hip, lateral thigh, and leg 2. numbness in the lateral leg and the first three toes 3. weakness with dorsiflexion of the great toe and foot; difficulty walking on the heel 4. minor atrophy 5. diminished reflexes, specifically in the internal hamstring reflex
31
Q

Describe a disc herniation at the L5-S1 level

A
  1. sacroiliac joint, hip, posterolateral thigh, leg to heel pain 2. numbness to the back of the calf, lateral heel, and foot to the toe 3. weakness in plantar flexion of the foot and the great toe with difficulty walking on the toes 4. atrophy of the gastrocnemius and soles 5. ankle jerk is diminished or absent
32
Q

Describe spinal stenosis

A

bilateral lower limb pain with possible impaired neurologic function chronic and needs an MRI work up

33
Q

Describe radiculopathy

A

pain along the dermatomal distribution may have neurologic dysfunction acute and can become chronic MRI work up

34
Q

Describe spina bifida 1. spina bifida oculta 2. meningocele 3. myelomenginocele

A

group of congenital anomalies where the neural tube failed to completely close 1. failure of the neural tube to close without herniation 2. failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges through the defect 3. failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the defect

35
Q

What are the things that you should look for when assessing a radiologic study of the back?

A

Vertebral bodies Lines (anterior, posterior lumbar regions as well as the spinous processes) Intervertebral discs

36
Q

Describe sacralization

A

one or both TPs of L5 are long and articulate with the sacrum

37
Q

Describe lumbarization

A

Failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum

38
Q

What is pictured?

A

Spondylosis

39
Q

What is pictured?

A

Spondylosis

40
Q

What is pictured?

A

Spondylolithesis: one vertebrae slipping on another vertebrae

41
Q

List the sympathetic levels for all of the major body systems

  1. Head/Neck
  2. Heart
  3. Lungs
  4. Upper GI
  5. Small intestine
  6. Ascending and transverse colon
  7. Descending and sigmoid colon
  8. Adrenal
  9. Genitourinary tract
  10. Ureter
  11. Extremities (upper and lower)
A

Head/Neck (includes upper esophagus)

T1-T5

Heart

T1-T6

Lungs

T1-T7

Upper GI (includes lower esophagus)

T5-T10

Small Intestine/Ascending Colon

T9-T11

Ascending and Transverse Colon

T10-L2

Descending and Sigmoid Colon/Rectum

T12-L2

Adrenal

T5-T10

Genitourinary tract (includes bladder)

T10-L2

Ureter – Upper/Lower

T10-T11/T12-L2

Extremities – Upper/Lower

T2-T7/T11-L2

OS Exam II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions