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5. PCM 4 Midterm > DSA: Sprains, Strains, & Fractures > Flashcards

DSA: Sprains, Strains, & Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What adtl imaging might be useful for distal Femur Fracture?

What splint?

A
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2
Q

Femoral Shaft Fracture

What imaging? How should we manage? What splint?

A
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3
Q

Hip Dislocation

Imaging? Types of fx? Exam findings? Management?

A
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4
Q

Hip Fracture

Imaging? Exam findings?

A
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5
Q

Fibula Fracture

Mechanism? Exam finding? Splint?

A
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6
Q

Ottawa Knee Rules (5)

A
  1. over 55
  2. tender patella
  3. tender fibular head
  4. can’t flex knee to 90
  5. can’t bear weight
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7
Q

Collateral Ligament Injury of the Knee

Mech for MCL/LCL? Exam findings?

A

Mech = all to flexed knee

  • MCL = valgus and ER
  • LCL = varus and IR

Exam

  • MCL = joint lax w/o stress test
  • LCL = joint lax w varus
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8
Q

Cruciate Ligament Injury of the Knee

Mech ACL/PCL? Exam?

A

Mech = all to flexed knee

  • ACL = valgus and ER or hyperextend
  • PCL = post stress

Exam

  • ACL = pos anterior drawer and lachman
  • PCL = pos post drawer and sag sign
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9
Q

Meniscus Injury

Mech? Exam?

A
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10
Q

Patella Injury

Imaging? Mech of fx vs dislocation? Exam fx vs dislocation?

A
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11
Q

Tibial Plateau Fracture

Imaging? Mech? Assc injuries (4)?

A
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12
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rule (5)

A
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13
Q

Ankle Dislocation

A
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14
Q

Lateral Malleolus Fracture

A
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15
Q

Medial Malleolus Fracture

A
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16
Q

Bimalleolar/Trimalleolar Fractures

A
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17
Q

Maisonneuve Fracture

A
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18
Q

Pilon/Tibial Plafond Fracture

A
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19
Q

Calcaneal Body/Extra-articular Calcaneal Foot Fractures

A
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20
Q

Midfoot Fracture

A
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21
Q

Navicular Fracture

A
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22
Q

Cuboid and Cuneiform Fractures

A
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23
Q

Lisfranc Injury

A

Dorsolateral displaced metatarsals

24
Q

Metatarsal Fracture

A
25
Q

Proximal 5th Metatarsal Fracture

A
26
Q

Toe Fracture

A
27
Q

Toe Dislocation

A
28
Q

Open vs. Closed Fracture

A
  • *Open fracture**: fracture with direct communication to the external environment
  • *Closed fracture**: broken bone with no direct communication to the external environment
29
Q

What are the initial steps in managing a fracture in the ED?

A
30
Q

Define the following fracture types:

complete

tranverse

oblique

spiral

comminuted

incomplete (4 subtypes)

A
31
Q

What is an important rule on clinical imaging of joint injuries?

A

image the joint above and below

32
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification used for?

A

description of physeal fractures in children

33
Q

When splinting an injury, what goes on the inner, middle, and outer layers?

A
34
Q

What complications can be seen with splinting?

A

compartment syndrome

ischemia

neurologic injury

thermal injury

pressure sore

skin breakdown

infection

dermatitis

joint stiffness

35
Q

It is important to document what in regards to physical findings?

where do we document?

A

document findings before and after splinting

document physical findings (perfusion, neuro, anatomic position) in objective

36
Q

How much pain meds should be given?

A

no more then 3-7 days worth

(only give enough to get to next appointment)

37
Q

Ottawa Foot Rule

A
38
Q

Exclusions of Ottawa ankle rule (3)

A

preggo

intoxicated

head injury

39
Q

What rule has a sensitivity of 100% w moderate specificity?

A

Ottawa Ankle rule

40
Q

Why would we order a CT in a pt w knee effusion and pain that is worse with varus/valgus force @ the knee?

A

Occult tibial plateau fx

41
Q

What view should you consider with patella fx?

A

Sunrise view

42
Q
A
43
Q

Which ankle dislocation is assc w fx of the ant distal tibia and obstruction of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

anterior ankle dislocation

44
Q

Which ankle dislocation is assc w fx of the malleoli and distal tibia and deltoid ligament injury?

A

Lateral ankle dislocation

45
Q

Which ankle dislocation is assc w fx of the lateral malleollus and disruption of the tibiofibular syndesmosis?

A

Posterior ankle dislocation

46
Q

Which ankle dislocation is assc w a shortened leg and fx calcaneus?

A

Superior ankle dislocation

47
Q

What is the most fractured bone in the mid foot?

A

Navicular

48
Q

Which bones in the midfoot always fracture together?

A

Cuboid and cuneiform

49
Q

Which fx is assc w tibial n, posterior tibial a, and peroneal a injury?

A

Trimalleolar fracture

50
Q

Which fx is assc w tibial n & posterior tibial a injury?

A

Medial Malleolus fx

51
Q

Which fracture may warrant an MRI?

A

Hip fracture: look for occult fx

Leg may be shortened and ER

52
Q

Which fx may warrant a CT angiogram if there are dec pulses post-reduction?

A

Distal femur fx

53
Q

What 4 injuries make-up a Maisonneuve fx?

A
  1. Proximal fibula fx
  2. Tibiofibular syndesmosis injury
  3. Deltoid lig rupture
  4. OR medial malleolus fx
54
Q

What 2 signs may indicate calcaneal fx?

A

Bohlers angle <20 degrees

Mondor sign: heel hematoma

55
Q

What will piano key sign, + pronation-ABduction test, + tarsal metatarsal squeeze test indicate?

A

Lisfranc injury = dorsolateral displaced metatarsals

56
Q

What fx might injure the medial planter artery?

A

Metatarsal artery

5. PCM 4 Midterm (8 decks)

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