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GI Final > DSA- Pharmacology Autonomics > Flashcards

DSA- Pharmacology Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitters of ANS (5)

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. Norephinephrine
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Dopamine
  5. Co-transmitters
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2
Q

Acetylcholine

  • PNS
  • SNS
  • receptors
A

major NT of PNS

  • found in all PREganglionic fibers
  • found in all POSTganglionic PARAsympathetic fibers

nicotinic and muscarinic

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3
Q

Norepinephrine

- receptors

A

major NT of SNS

  • found in majority of POSTganglionic SYMpathetic fibers

catecholamine

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4
Q

Epinephrine

  • synthesis
  • receptor
A

only occurs in adrenal medulla

depolarization of preganglionic sympathetic neuron (cholinergic)

nicotinic
catecholamine

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5
Q

Dopamine

- receptor

A

precursor to NE and Epi

synthesized in cytoplasm of neurons

has actions in CNS and renal vascular smooth muscle

catecholamine

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6
Q

Co-transmitters (4)

A

ATP

Neuropeptide Y

Substance P

Vasoactive intestinal Peptide (VIP)

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7
Q

Cholinergic Neurotransmission components steps

A
  1. Synthesis of ACh
  2. Storage of ACh
  3. Release of AcH
  4. Binding to cholinergic receptors
  5. Termination of acetylcholine signaling
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8
Q

Synthesis of ACh

A

Choline transporter transport choline into neuron

Choline + AcoA (choline acetyletransferae (ChAT))-> ACh

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9
Q

Storage of ACh

A

ATPase-dependent ACH vesicular transporter puts ACh into vesicles

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10
Q

Release of Ach

A

AP-> depolarization causes Ca2+ voltage gated channels to open -> Ca2+ enter neuron -> vesicle go to cell membrane -> SNARE protein complex fuse vesicle into membrane ( VAMPS, SNAPS)

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11
Q

Binding of ACh to cholinergic neurons

- effects

A

Ach diffused into synaptic cleft adn bind to nAChR

  • activation of release of Epi, NE
  • smooth muscle contraction
  • glandular secretion
  • decrease heart rate
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12
Q

Termination of acetylcholine signaling

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cleaves ACh into acetate and choline

ACh-> choline + acetate

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13
Q

Botulin Toxin

A

prevent ACh vesicle from being released into synaptic cleft

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14
Q

Vesamicol

A

prevent storage of AcH in neuron

- ATPase-dependent ACH vesicular transporter

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15
Q

Hemicholinium

A

prevent choline from reuptake into neuron

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16
Q

M1

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: CNS, ganglia

structure: Gq

Mechanism: activation PLC, DAG, IP3

17
Q

M2

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: heart, nerve , smooth muscle

structure: Gi

Mechanism: inhibit AC, activate K channel

18
Q

M3

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: Glands, smooth muscle, endothelium

structure: Gq

Mechanism: activation PLC, DAG, IP3

19
Q

M4

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: CNS

structure: Gi

Mechanism: inhibit AC/ CAMP,
activate K channel

20
Q

M5

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: CNS

structure: Gq

Mechanism: activate PLC, IP3, DAG

21
Q

Nm

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: skeletal muscle, NMJ

structure: ligand-gated ion channel

Mechanism: Na/K depolarizing ion channels

22
Q

Nn

  • location
  • structural feature
  • mechanism
A

ACh receptor

Location: Postganglionic cell body, CNS, dendrite

structure: ligand-gated ion channel

Mechanism: Na/K depolarizing ion channels

23
Q

adrenergic transmission

A

catecholamines

  • NE
  • EPI
  • DA
24
Q

Synthesis of catecholamines

A

Tyrosine is transported into nerve terminal

Adrenal medulla

25
Q

storage of catecholamines

A

Vesicular monamine transporter (VMAT2)

in cytoplasm

Tyrosine-> DOPA-> DA

26
Q

Reserpine

A

drug that inhibits VMAT2

-leads to depletion of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve

27
Q

Release of catecholamines

A

Ca2+ influx in adrenal medulla-> release ACh and bind with nAChR on chromaffin cells

28
Q

Binding of catecholamines to adrenergic receptors

A

bind to alpha or beta receptor
- stimulatory or inhibitory

  • glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, relaxation, etc
29
Q

Termination of catecholamin signaling ( 2)

A
  1. NET (norephinephrine transporter) and DAT (dopamine transporter) reuptake and store in vesicles via VMAT2
  2. Diffusion and uptake at extraneuronal sites via transporter ENT, OCT1, OCT2 by two enzymes
    - monoamine oxidase (MAO):
    - Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT: in liver
30
Q

Cocaine

A

inhibit NE reuptake into neuron

31
Q

Alpha 1 receptors

-effects

A

contraction of SM

vasoconstriction

glandular SM secretion

pupil dilation

uterine contraction

32
Q

B2 receptors

-effects

A

stimulate relaxation of all SM

tracheal and bronchial SM relaxation

uterine SM relaxation

intestinal SM relaxation

vasodilation

33
Q

Muscarinic receptor

- effect

A

contraction of all SM

contraction of iris sphincter muscle

contraction of bladder, interstinal SM,

DECREASE HR

ACh/ NO stimulation

34
Q

EDRF (Nitric Oxide)

A

short lived vasodilator

  • in response to an AP, parasympathetic neurons release ACh _> activate mAChR -> produce NO-> go to blood vessel to cause relaxation
35
Q

Parasympathetic (cholinergic) effects

A
  1. salivation
  2. Lacrimination
  3. Pupil constriction
  4. decrease HR
  5. Uriniation
  6. Increased secretions
  7. Increase GI motility
36
Q

Sympathetic (adrenergic) effects

A
  1. pupil dilation
  2. increase HR
  3. Urinary retention
  4. decreased secretion
  5. decreased GI motility
37
Q

Baroreceptor Reflex

A
  1. increase BP (Phenylephrine)
    - Increase baroreceptor
    - increase PNS
    - decrease SNS
  2. decrease BP
    - decrease baroreceptors
    - decrease PNS
    - increase SNS

GI Final (15 decks)

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