DSA - Pharmacology

Question 1

What do Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 1

Contraction of smooth muscle (vasoconstriction, glandular secretion)

Question 2

What do Beta 2 adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 2

Relaxation of smooth muscle (opens up the airway)

Question 3

What do Muscarinic receptors do?

Answer 3

Contraction of smooth muscle (constricts the airway)

Question 4

What effect do the adrenergic receptors have on intestinal motility?

Answer 4

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 all decrease intestinal motility

Question 5

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on intestinal motility?

Answer 5

M2 and M3 substantially increase intestinal motility

Question 6

What affect do adrenergic receptors have on intestinal sphincters?

Answer 6

Alpha 1 receptors contract intestinal sphincters (close)

Question 7

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on intestinal sphincters?

Answer 7

M2 and M3 receptors relax intestinal sphincters

Question 8

What affect do adrenergic receptors have on intestinal secretions?

Answer 8

Alpha 2 receptors inhibit intestinal secretions

Question 9

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on intestinal secretions?

Answer 9

M2 and M3 receptors promote intestinal secretions

Question 10

What affect do adrenergic receptors have on the detrusor muscle?

Answer 10

Beta 2 receptors relax the detrusor muscle

Question 11

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on the detrusor muscle?

Answer 11

M3 and M2 promote detrusor muscle contraction, but M3 is more effective than M2

Question 12

What affect do adrenergic receptors have on the Trigone Muscle and the urinary bladder internal sphincter?

Answer 12

Alpha 1 receptors promote contraction of the trigone muscle and urinary bladder internal sphincter

Question 13

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on the Trigone Muscle and the Urinary bladder internal sphincter?

Answer 13

M3 and M2 receptors cause the Trigone Muscle and urinary bladder internal sphincter to relax, but the M3 receptor is more effective than the M2 receptor

Question 14

What is miosis?

Answer 14

constriction of the pupil due to parasympathetic innervation

Question 15

What is pheochromocytoma?

Answer 15

Norepinephrine/Epinephrine secreting tumor in the adrenal medulla

Symptoms typically include headaches, perspiration, and palpitations

Question 16

What do alpha 2 receptors do in the CNS?

Answer 16

Alpha 2 receptors are found presynaptically in the central nervous system

When activated by an agonist, they suppress release of catecholamines from neurons

Question 17

Which branch of nervous system induces sweat glands, and which receptors/neurotransmitters are used?

Answer 17

Sympathetic NS activates sweat glands via muscarinic ACh Receptors

Question 18

Which branch of the nervous system induces skeletal muscle contraction and what receptors/neurotransmitters are used?

Answer 18

Somatic NS activates skeletal muscle contraction via nicotinic ACh Receptors

Question 19

Which branch of the nervous system induces contraction of Renal Vascular Smooth muscle and which receptors/neurotransmitters are used?

Answer 19

Sympathetic nervous system activates renal vascular smooth muscle via Dopaminergic receptors (D1) and dopamine

Question 20

What branch of the nervous system induces secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, and what receptors/neurotransmitters are used?

Answer 20

Sympathetic NS activates catecholamine secretion from adrenal medulla via nicotinic ACh receptors

Question 21

What affect do adrenergic receptors have on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 21

Beta 2 receptors induce tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Question 22

What affect do muscarinic receptors have on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 22

M2 and M3 equally induce contraction of tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle

Question 23

Why wouldn’t you necessarily want to use an AChE inhibitor?

Answer 23

IT IS NOT SPECIFIC, can cause adverse effects at all ACh receptors (muscarinic and nicitinic)

Question 24

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 24

Autoimmune disorder that attacks nicotinic AChR, causing muscle weakness