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OSII Exam 1 > DSA 4: Intro to Sacrum > Flashcards

DSA 4: Intro to Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appearance of the SI joint ligaments in males and females after puberty?

A

Male: SIJ ligaments are well-developed and strong

Female: SIJ ligaments are less developed, allowing mobility during childbirth

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2
Q

What is the appearance of the SI joint in a patient’s 20s?

A

Crescent-shaped ridge develops along the iliac surface which articulates with a depression in the sacrum

Add stability and limits mobility

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3
Q

What is the appearance of the SI joint in a patient’s 30s?

A

Crescent-shaped ridge becomes more pronounced, decreases ROM more

Males: degenerative changes may begin to appear on iliac side

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4
Q

What is the appearance of the SI joint in the 4th and 5th decades of life?

A

Males: Degenerative changes appear on sacral side

Fibrous ankylosis may further limit joint motion

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5
Q

What is the SI joint classified as?

A

Diarthroidal joint - contanis synovial fluid and matching articular surfaces

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6
Q

What ligament is the major bond between the ilium and the sacrum?

A

Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

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7
Q

What is the attachment of the long dorsal SI ligament?

A

PSIS to the lateral aspect of 3rd and 4th sacral segments

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8
Q

What are the differential static landmarks for determining sacral sulcus depth?

A

Medial to the PSIS

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the self-locking mechanism of the sacrum?

A

Resistance against shear

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10
Q

What are the two aspects of the sacral self-locking mechanism?

A

Form closure

Force closure

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11
Q

What is form closure of the sacrum due to?

A

How the joint fits together, specific properties of the articular surfaces of the SI joint

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12
Q

What is force closure of the sacrum due to?

A

Compression produced by body weight, muscles, and ligaments holding it together

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13
Q

What are the dorsal muscles that may affect SI joint stability?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbar fascia

Gluteus maximus

ITB

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14
Q

What are the ventral muscles that may affect SI joint stability?

A

Abdominal obliques

Transverse abdominals

Linea alba (not a muscle but listed on the slide)

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15
Q

Where does the Superior Transverse Axis of the sacrum pass through? When would the sacrum move around this axis?

A

Posterior aspect of S2

Respiratory cycle

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16
Q

Where does the Middle Transverse Axis of the sacrum pass through? When would the sacrum move around this axis?

A

Anterior aspect of S2

Nutation and counternutation in the standing position

17
Q

Where does the Inferior Transverse axis of the sacrum travel through? When would the sacrum move around it?

A

S3

Axis of movement of ilia on the sacrum

18
Q

As the lumbar spine extends, what is the sacrum doing?

A

Flexes

19
Q

As the sacrum extends, what is the lumbar spine doing?

A

Flexion

20
Q

What is the motion of the sacrum in counternutation?

A

Sacral extension

21
Q

What is the motion of the sacrum in nutation?

A

Sacral flexion

(Sacrum needs a drink, tilts foward as the “bowl” of the pelvis tips back)

22
Q

Rotation through the lumbar spine causes what movement of the sacrum?

A

Rotation towards ipsilateral side

Sidebending to contralateral side

23
Q

Downward force of the lumbar spine onto the sacrum causes what motion of the sacrum?

A

Nutation (sacral flexion)

24
Q

Traction applied from above the lumbosacral junction causes what motion of the sacrum?

A

Counternutation (sacral extension)

25
Q

Sidebending applied through the lumbar spine causes what motion of the sacrum?

A

Sidebending to the ipsilateral side

26
Q

What is the relationship of the movements of ilium and sacrum?

A

Move in the same direction

27
Q

An occipital condylar compression can cause what to occur in the sacrum?

A

Lowered sacral base on the ipsilateral side

28
Q

What is occurring in this XR?

A

Lumbarization of S1

May be unilateral or bilateral

29
Q

What is occurring in this XR?

A

Sacralization of L5

Note: atypically large TPs of L5

Bat wing deformity

May be unilateral or bilateral

30
Q

Sacrum dysfunction will commonly manifest as what symptom?

A

Chronic low back pain

31
Q

What are the two criteria for a compensated lumbar spine?

A
  1. Lumbar spine is rotated toward the deep sulcus (PTP and deep sulcus on the same side)
  2. Lumbar spine should be sidebent toward the axis in the case of a torsion
32
Q

What is the position of the compensated L5 for a flexed sacrum?

A

Neutral (Type 1 spinal mechanics)

33
Q

What is the position of the compensated L5 for an extended sacrum?

A

Flexed or extended (Type 2 Spinal mechanics)

OSII Exam 1 (19 decks)

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