DSA 1: Cell Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A

Outer bilayer of cells

  • protective
  • transporters
  • signaling
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2
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Contains genome

-principal site for DNA and RNA synthesis

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3
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

Intermediary Metabolism

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4
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER

  • protein synthesis and folding
  • segregation of proteins for intracellular use
  • export from cell

Smother ER

  • lipid synthesis
  • glycogen metabolism
  • phospholipid synthesis
  • detoxifcation
  • steroidogenesis
  • calcium regulation
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5
Q

What is the role of the golgi apparatus?

A

Post translational changes on proteins and lipids

  • attach carbohydrates to glycoproteins and proteoglycans
  • polysaccharide and oligosaccharide synthesis
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6
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria?

A

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

-ATP production, signaling, cell differentiation and cell death

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7
Q

What is the role of the lysosome?

A

Digestive enzymes that degrade organelles and biomolecules

-acidic

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8
Q

What is the role of the peroxisomes?

A

Has enzymes for oxidation reactions

  • synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide
  • B oxidation of long chain fatty acids
  • bile acids and cholesterol synthesis
  • detoxify alcohol
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9
Q

How does the lumen of cellular compartments communicate with each other and the exterior of the cell?

A

Membrane budding and fusion

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10
Q

What does the ER consist of?

A

Flat sacs (cisternae)
Tubules
Vesicles

Lumen/Cisternal compartment
Cytoplasmic/Cytosolic compartment

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11
Q

Where are proteins from Rough ER transported to?

A

Cis portion of Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

A

Smooth ER Lacks:
-ribosomes-
tubular cisternae

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13
Q

Where does the cis and trans side of Golgi Apparatus face?

A

cis: adjacent to ER
trans: toward plasma membrane and nucleus

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14
Q

What are the two types of vesicle transport mechanisms?

A

Clathrin Coated
-transport from golgi apparatus to lysosomes or products from exterior of cell to lysosome

COP coated vesicles
transport from Golgi and ER

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15
Q

What surrounds invaginated coated pit in clathrin coated vesicles?

A

Dynamin

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16
Q

What is the lysosomal sorting pathway?

A
  1. Synthesis of lysosomal enzymes
  2. Phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes by M6-P
    - IMPORTANT
  3. Inter-golgi transporting vesicles
  4. Binding of lysosomal enzymes to M6P receptor
    - IMPORTANT
  5. Clathrin-coated transporting vesicles
  6. Clathrin coat is lost
17
Q

What is difference between primary and secondary lysosomes?

A

Primary: Storage site of lysosomal hydrolases

  • No digestive events
  • Homogeneous
  • Inactive Enzymes

Secondary: Engaged in catalytic processes

  • Digestive Enzymes
  • Heterogenous
  • Active Enzymes
18
Q

What are the 3 pathways for intracellular degradation?

A

Phagocytosis
Autophagy
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

19
Q

What is familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Elevation of LDL

-gene encoding LDL receptor is mutated

20
Q

What are Zellweger spectrum disorders?

A

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders

-defects in assembly