DSA 1: Biomolecules Flashcards
What is starch made of?
Polysaccharide of GLUCOSE in plants
What is sucrose made of?
Disaccharide of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE in fruits and vegetables
Found in fruits and vegetables
What is lactose made of?
Disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE
Animal origin
What causes lactose intolerance?
Lack of enzyme lactase
Age-dependent decrease
What are normal glucose levels?
Fasting: 70-100 mg/dl
Non-fasting: <140 mg/dl
What are examples of monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
What are examples of disaccharides?
lactose, sucrose, maltose
What are examples of oligosaccharides?
glycolipids and glycoproteins
What are examples of polysaccharides?
glycogen, starch, cellulose
Where would you find acetylated amino sugars?
In oligosaccharides (glycolipids and glycoproteins)
Used for cell signaling, cell adhesion, and immuno responses
Where would you find acidic sugars?
Cell membrane and extracellular matrix
Where would you find sugar esters?
Gangliosides in oligodendrocytes of nervous system
Where would you find sugar alcohols? What are some examples?
Can find them in good additives
Examples: mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol
What makes up maltose?
Glucose and Glucose
What bonds are utilized in common disaccharides?
Glycosidic bond
What two polysaccharides make up starch?
Amylose (no branching)
Amylopectin (branching every 12-20 residues)
What bonds are used in starch to form branches?
alpha 1-6
How can you recognize a fatty acid?
- Long unbranched chain of hydrocarbons
- COOH at the end
What is the common omega-3 fatty acid?
Linolenic
What is the common omega-6 fatty acid?
Linoleic and Arachidonic acid
What are lipid soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E, K
Remember: ADEK
What are isoprenoids?
Very similar looking to cholesterol
Synthesized from Acetyl CoA via IPP
What is cholesterol used for?
- Membrane component
- Important precursor for hormones
- Component of bile
