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PHRM 1110 > Dry Skin, Insects, & Sunburns > Flashcards

Dry Skin, Insects, & Sunburns Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 types of dry skin are self-treatable?

A

Mild and moderate

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2
Q

What type of dry skin is not self-treatable?

A

Severe

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3
Q

What are characteristics of mild dry skin?

A

Mild roughness; Mild or no itching; No pain; Mild or no redness

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4
Q

What are characteristics of moderate dry skin?

A

Rough and moderate scaling; Mild or moderate itching; Some pain; Mild redness; Possible fissures

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5
Q

What are characteristics of severe dry skin?

A

Rough and severe scaling; Severe itching; Severe pain; Moderate redness; Likely to have fissures

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6
Q

What are 6 environmental factors that can cause dry skin?

A

Electric heat; Air conditioning; Wood burning stoves; Fireplaces; Dry, cold, or low-humidity climates; Chronic exposure to sunlight

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7
Q

What are 6 lifestyle factors that can cause dry skin?

A

Bathing or showering often in hot water; Chlorinated pools; Use of harsh soaps and detergents; Skin sensitizers (lanolin, aloe vera); Poor hydration; High intake of caffeinated beverages

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8
Q

What are 3 medical conditions that can cause or aggravate dry skin?

A

Eczema or psoriasis; HIV, diabetes, chronic renal failure; Malnutrition

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9
Q

What are 4 types of medications that can cause or aggravate dry skin?

A

Acne medications (accutane, benzoyl peroxide); Chemotherapy agents; Gels that contain alcohol; Diuretics in high doses

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10
Q

What should be done in an assessment of dry skin?

A

Location (where and how large); Symptoms (what, when did they start, when are they better or worse); Past history; Any new medications started recently?; Lifestyle assessment (baths, use of soaps, environment, previous treatments)

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11
Q

When should you refer a dry skin patient to a doctor?

A

Large area (over 30% of body); Under 2 or over 60; Less than 50% improvement after 7-10 days; Signs of infection; Medical conditions that impair wound healing; Severe symptoms

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12
Q

What do occlusives do?

A

Form a barrier on skin that blocks water loss from skins surface

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13
Q

What are occlusives recommended for?

A

Dry skin on hands and feet

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14
Q

How often should occlusives be applied?

A

As often as required

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15
Q

What are examples of occlusives?

A

Lanolin; Petrolatum; Beeswax

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16
Q

What do humectants do?

A

Increase water content of the skin by drawing water from dermis to epidermis

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17
Q

When are humectants recommended?

A

When moderate scaling is present of other products have failed

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18
Q

When should humectants be applied?

A

2-3 times daily

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19
Q

What are examples of humectants?

A

Glycerin; Urea or lactic acid

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20
Q

What do emollients do?

A

Fill cracks/fissures produced by dry skin by filling the spaces around the cracks

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of dry skin?

A

Water loss from skins surface

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22
Q

What are ointments used for?

A

Chronic, very dry skin and areas with fissures

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23
Q

What is a disadvantage to ointments?

A

Usually greasy and may be difficult to spread and remove

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24
Q

When should ointments be applied?

A

At night

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25
Q

Where should ointments NOT be used?

A

Face or skin folds; Areas that are moist, weeping, oozing, infected or acne prone

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26
Q

What is an advantage to creams?

A

Well absorbed and easy to spread, so can be used during the day

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27
Q

Where can creams be applied?

A

Basically everywhere

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28
Q

What is the difference between ointments, creams, and lotions?

A
  • Ointments are 80% oil/20% water
  • Creams are half water and half oil
  • Lotions are more water than oil
29
Q

What are lotions useful for?

A

Hairy areas and if immediate absorption is necessary

30
Q

Out of ointments, creams, and lotions which should be applied most often?

A

Lotions

31
Q

What is a disadvantage of gels?

A

Can be drying when used for long periods of time

32
Q

What are gels useful for?

A

Hairy areas

33
Q

What are colloidal oatmeal products used for?

A

Relief of itching

34
Q

What are characteristics of an ideal cleanser?

A

Soap free; Fragrance free; Rich in emollients; Does not disrupt pH

35
Q

What is a CDA approved cleanser?

A

Cerave hydrating cleanser

36
Q

What are 3 OTC products for dry skin?

A
  • Cerave cream or lotion
  • Eucerin complete repair lotions
  • Marcelle products
37
Q

What are 5 examples of non-pharmacological treatments for dry skin?

A

Re-hydrate with moisturizers or bath oils; Short baths or showers; Warm (not hot) water; Pat (not rub) body dry; Mild cleansers (no perfume); Increase humidity during winter months

38
Q

Are honeybees a stinging or biting insect?

A
  • Stinging

- Stinger has barbs that must be removed to prevent release of venom

39
Q

What is the reaction of a honeybee sting?

A
  • Localized pain
  • Redness and swelling
  • Itching and irritation
40
Q

Are bumblebees a stinging or biting insect?

A
  • Stinging

- Stinger has no barbs, and are able to sting multiple times

41
Q

What is the reaction of a honeybee sting?

A
  • Swelling and irritation

- Rarely causes allergies

42
Q

Are wasps a stinging or biting insect?

A
  • Stinging

- Stinger has no barbs and can sting multiple times

43
Q

What is the reaction to a wasp or hornet sting?

A
  • Redness, some swelling

- Itching and minor pain at sting site

44
Q

Are hornets stinging or biting insects?

A
  • Stinging

- Stinger has no barbs, so can sting multiple times

45
Q

How can you prevent getting stung by bees, wasps, or hornets?

A
  • Avoid perfumes and scented soaps
  • Avoid leaving food outdoors
  • Avoid bright coloured clothing
  • Avoid swatting at the insects
  • Avoid outdoors at dawn and dusk
46
Q

What is the general treatment for bee, wasp, and hornet bites?

A
  • Remove stinger
  • Apply ice to reduce swelling
  • Clean area
  • OTC anti-histamines to relieve itching
47
Q

What is the reaction of a flea bite?

A
  • Small red bumps in groups of 3

- Some itching with a red rash

48
Q

How can you prevent flea bites?

A
  • Treat pets who carry
  • Avoid sleeping with pets with fleas
  • Avoid contact with stray animals
49
Q

What is the reaction of a brown recluse spider bite?

A
  • Redness and swelling

- Painful ulcer within 2-8 hours after bite

50
Q

What is the reaction of a black widow spider bite?

A
  • Local pain at bite site within 30-60 minutes
  • Redness at site
  • Cramps, abdominal pain
51
Q

What is the reaction of a bed bug bite?

A
  • Itchy, hard, swollen welts that last days to weeks

- Usually found on arms, legs, shoulders or neck

52
Q

What are the symptoms of West Nile virus?

A

Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches

53
Q

What is the reaction to a tick bite?

A
  • Usually painless

- May have some itching, burning, and redness

54
Q

What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A
  • Abrupt onset of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
  • Rash on wrists and ankles
55
Q

What are symptoms of Lyme disease?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Joint pain
56
Q

When should DEET not be used?

A

Children under 6 months

57
Q

Should bug spray or sunscreen be applied first and why?

A

Sunscreen first so it can absorb and if insect repellant was applied first the sunscreen would dilute it or cause too much to be absorbed

58
Q

What are 2 common natural products for insect repellant?

A
  • Soybean oil

- Citronella

59
Q

What type of sunburns can be self-treated?

A

1st degree and mild 2nd degree

60
Q

What types of sunburns should be referred?

A

Severe 2nd degree and 3rd degree

61
Q

What are 4 causes of burns?

A
  • Thermal (flames)
  • Chemical (acids)
  • Radiation (sun)
  • Electrical (lightning)
62
Q

What is a 1st degree burn?

A
  • Affects epidermis

- Appears pink/red; no blisters; mild skin peeling; pain for 2-3 days

63
Q

What is the appearance of a superficial partial thickness 2nd degree burn?

A
  • Moist weeping red blisters

- Painful

64
Q

What is the appearance of a deep partial thickness 2nd degree burn?

A
  • Wet or waxy
  • Red and patchy
  • Large blisters
  • Pain with pressure
65
Q

What is the appearance of a 3rd degree burn?

A
  • Dry and leathery
  • Waxy white, gray, brown, or black
  • Some swelling
  • Painless to touch because nerve endings have been destroyed
66
Q

When should you refer a burn?

A
  • Burn where skin is thin
  • Children under 2 and adults over 55
  • Chemical, electrical or inhalation burns
  • Burns with more than a few blisters
  • Patients with diabetes, HIV, immunocompromised
67
Q

How can sunburns be prevented in children under 6 months?

A
  • Avoid sun exposure

- Protective coverings (wide brimmed hats, long sleeves, shade covers)

68
Q

What type of sunscreen is safe for animals?

A

Titanium oxide

69
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments of sunburns?

A
  • Reduce exposure
  • Stay in shade when possible
  • Wear clothing that covers as much of the body as possible
  • Wear sunglasses
  • Wear wide brimmed hat

PHRM 1110 (8 decks)

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