Drugs & Your Body Flashcards
Learning outcomes
After completing this lecture, you should be able to
* distinguish between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
* describe drug and three types of drug name and their characteristics for a marketed drug
* describe drug target and list four groups of human proteins as drug targets
* describe a select number of drugs explored in PHAR1101 in terms of (i) classification of drug
target, (ii) drug target, (iii) drug action, and (iv) clinical use
* provide the full name and describe the main characteristics of four receptor superfamilies
* describe agonist, antagonist, affinity, efficacy, concentration/dose-response relationship,
potency, and EC50 in the context of ligand-receptor interaction and therapeutic index
* describe the action of morphine in the context of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
PHAR1101 and the Pharmacology major
From pharmacokinetics to pharmacodynamics
Types of drug name
Drugs
Drug targets
Drug targets - human proteins
Interaction between a drug and its drug target
Drug targets - human proteins
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors
Receptors as drug targets
Ligand-receptor interaction (I)
Ligand-receptor interaction (II)Dose-effect relationship
Therapeutic index
Ligand-receptor interaction (III)
Dose-effect relationship
Drug in action - morphine (I)
Drug in action - morphine (II)
Summary - what you have learned
- difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
- drugs
- types of drug name
- drug targets
- important drugs you will learn later in PHAR1101
- interaction between a drug and its drug target
- receptors as drug targets - agonist, antagonist, affinity, efficacy, concentration/dose-response
relationship, potency, EC50, and therapeutic index (use eTute 1 to reinforce your understanding) - morphine as an example to bring different concepts together
revisit this lecture as needed throughout the semester
Why are Drugs Taken at Different Intervals?
Pharmacokinetics Provides the Answer!
*Definition: The branch of pharmacology
that studies the behaviour of drugs as they
move into, around and out of the body.
*In chemistry:
* kinetics = the rate or speed at which chemical
reactions occur
*In pharmacology, kinetics is concerned with the
rates at which drug levels in blood rise and fall – Essentially, 4 fundamental “ADME” processes
control these changes
Outcomes for this Lecture
1) define “pharmacokinetics” and distinguish between pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics
2) describe the key features of a plasma concentration-time curve and therapeutic
window of a drug and their relevance to the beneficial and harmful effects of
drugs
3) describe the four key pharmacokinetic processes that control the fate of
drugs in the body and their defining features
4) explain the importance of metabolism and excretion in controlling the duration of drug effects in the human body
5) describe lipophilicity and hydrophilicity as determinants of the pharmacokinetic
behaviour of drugs and the use of the octanol-water partitioning method to assess
these drug properties
6) describe bioavailability and reasons for poor bioavailability of drugs
Every Drug is Like a Two-Sided Coin
Aim of Lecture
To convey a basic
appreciation of essential
pharmacokinetic factors
that control the behaviour
of medicines within the
human body
ADME
