Drugs with no target Flashcards

1
Q

what is cromogliate?

A

a mast cell stabiliser

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2
Q

what does cromogliate do?

A

prevents degranulation and histamine release. It might also inhibit the release of pre-formed cytokines

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3
Q

what is the clinical use of cromoglicate?

A
Asthma (prophylaxis – although largely historical)
Hay fever (eye drops),
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4
Q

what does simeticone do?

A

it is a drug with no target

  • anti foaming agent
  • decreases surface tension of gas bubbles, makes bigger bubbles - easier to pass wind
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5
Q

what does activated charcoal do?

A

its a WHO essential medicine to treat poisoning - binds poison to prevent absorption into GI tract

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6
Q

what do antacids do?

A

they’re alkaline ions (bicarbonate, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2) that neutralise acid in the stomach - reduces GI damage

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7
Q

what is the pharmacological significance of osmotic drugs?

A

they pharmacologically ineert

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8
Q

what are mannitol and isosorbide?

A

derivatives of glucose but not taken up into cells

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9
Q

is dextran who essential medicine?

A

yes

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10
Q

what do dextran, mannitol, and isorbide do?

A

increase osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate and do not enter cells

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11
Q

what are dextran also used in?

A

hypovolemic emergencies - to improve blood flow

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12
Q

paracetamol mechanism

A

not fully understood

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13
Q

when would you get paracetamol toxicity?

A

when glutathione (GSH) reserves are overwhelmed by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)

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14
Q

what is the treatment for paracetamol toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) given i.v. NAC acts as a sulfhydryl replacement and precursor for endogenous GSH synthesis

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15
Q

why is a receptor

A

the target molecules through which soluble physiological molecules produce their effects

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16
Q

examples of non-receptor mediated pharmacology

A

enzyme inhibitors, prodrugs, alkylating agents, antimalarial drugs, chelating agents

17
Q

drugs which lack targets

A

chelating agents, simeticone, bicarbonate and antacids, cromoglicate, NAC (and paracetamol