Drugs Used in the Treatment of Rhinitis and Rhinorrhoea Flashcards
what is rhinitis
involving acute, or chronic, inflammation of the nasal mucosa
what is rhinitis characterised by
- rhinorrohea
- sneezing
- itching
- nasal congestion and
- obstruction
Allergic Rhinitis can be classified as
seasonal (SAR)
perennial (PAR)
episodic (EAR)
what two things are strongly linked
allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma
Non-allergic rhinitis -
any rhinitis, acute, or chronic, that does not involve IgE–dependent events
causes of non-allergic Rhinitus
- infection
- hormonal imbalance
- vasomotor imbalance
- Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome
- medications
Occupational rhinitis may involve both
allergic and non-allergic components
how does both Rhinitus and rhinorrhoae effect blood
increased mucosal blood flow,
increased blood vessel permeability
- this can result in difficulty breathing
Targets in the Treatment of Rhinitis and Rhinorrhoea
- anti-inflammatory
- mediator receptor blockade
- nasal blood flow
-anti-allergic
glucocorticoids mechanism
reduce vascular permeability, recruitment and activity of inflammatory cells and the release of cytokines and mediators
application of glucocorticoids
- applied topically as a spray to the nasal mucosa
examples of glucocorticoids
beclometasone
fluticasone
prednisolone (oral)
anti-histamines mechanism
competitive antagonists that reduce effects of mast cell derived histamine including:
- vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability
- activation of sensory nerves
- mucus secretion from submucosal glands
Anti-Cholinergic Drugs (Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists) mechanism
ACh released from post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres activates muscarinic receptors on nasal glands causing a watery secretion that contributes to rhinorrhoea – blocked by muscarinic antagonists
Sodium Cromoglicate mechanism
purportedly mast cell stabilization, but this is uncertain
