Drugs Used in Obesity Flashcards
What are the problems associated with obesity?
increased risk of T2D, CVD, cancer, hypertension, osteoarthritis, asthma, sleep apnoea; increased burden on health care system
Leptin is released from
white adipose tissue
Where does leptin act in the brain to regulate body weight and energy expenditure?
hypothalamus - regulates neuropeptides
What are the current drugs approved for treatment of obesity?
Orlistat and Phentermine
What percent of the population is predicted to be obese by 2025?
1/3rd
What population is rapidly gaining weight?
ages 25-34; younger people
What are satiety signals?
afferent sympathetic (liver and stomach) or vagal signals (stomach) to the medulla - short-term
Satiety signals function by
afferent sympathetic or vagal signals to the medulla, medulla to hypothalamus; hypothalamus alters neuropeptides that signal to stop eating
CCK is produced
in the GIT in response to digested fats and carbs
CCK signals via the ______ nerve to the ______ to ________ eating
vagus; medulla & hypothalamus; stop eating
What are adiposity signals?
long-term; provide the brain with information on fat stores (leptin, insulin)
Leptin levels are proportional to
fat mass/BMI
How is leptin transported across the BBB?
It is large tf it needs to be actively transported
How does leptin function once inside the brain?
activates receptors on the hypothalamus to inhibit feeding by inhibiting neuropeptides that promote food intake, or promote neuropeptides that inhibit food intake
Examples of central peptides that increase feeding (orexigenic) are
NPY, melanin-concentrating hormone, agouti-related peptide, Orexin A and B, endocannabinoids
Examples of peripheral peptides that increase feeding (orexigenic) are
ghrelin
Examples of central peptides that decrease feeding (anorexigenic) are
alpha-MSH, urocortin, corticotrophin releasing hormone, serotonin, NA
Examples of peripheral peptides that decrease feeding (anorexigenic) are
leptin, insulin, CCK
Why is it hard to alter eating behaviours via single neuropeptides?
Altering one leads to compensation by others
Leptin inhibits food intake via ______ mechanism
CNS
Plasma leptin has a ________ rhythm
circadian
Why does the elevated leptin in obesity not affect the brain?
saturation of transport - leptin must be actively transported through the BBB