Drugs Used In Diabetes (Konorev)

Question 1

Aspart, lispro, and glulisine are what type of insulins?

Answer 1

Rapid-acting

Question 2

Regular insulin is what type of insulin?

Answer 2

Short-acting

Question 3

Neutral protamine hagerdorn (NPH) is what type of insulin?

Answer 3

Intermediate-acting

Question 4

Detemir and glargine are what type of insulin?

Answer 4

Long-acting

Question 5

Pramlintide is what type of insulin drug? What is its MOA?

Answer 5

Amylin analog

Inhibits glucagon action, enhances insulin sensitivity, decreased gastric emptying (slows rate of intestinal glucose absorption), causes satiety

Question 6

Exenatide and liraglutide are what type of drugs? MOA?

Answer 6

Insulin secretagogue –> incretin mimetic –> Long-acting GLP-1 agonist

Promote B cell proliferation, insulin gene expression, glucose-dependent insulin secretion; inhibits glucagon secretion; also causes satiety and inhibits gastric emptying

Very short t1/2–> not an effective drugq

Question 7

Sitagliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, and Alogliptin are what types of drugs? MOA?

Answer 7

Insulin secretagogues –> incretin mimetics –> DPP-4 inhibitors

DPP-4 is a serine protease that degrades GLP-1 and other incretins

Question 8

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and tolazamide are what type of drugs?

Answer 8

Insulin secretagogues –> K-ATP channel blockers –> 1st generation Sulfonylureas

Question 9

Glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride are what type of drugs?

Answer 9

Insulin secretagogues –> K-ATP channel blockers –> 2nd generation sulfonylureas

Question 10

Nateglinide and repaglinide are what type of drugs?

Answer 10

Insulin secretagogues –> K-ATP channel blockers –> Meglitinides (Non-sulfonylureas)

Question 11

MOA of K-ATP channel blockers?

Answer 11

Binding to SUR (Sulfonylurea receptor)

Blocking K current through Kir6.2, inwardly rectifying K channel

In short, block the K channel and cause depolarization

Question 12

What type of drug is metformin? MOA?

Answer 12

Biguanide

Activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase

Question 13

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone are what types of drugs? MOA?

Answer 13

Thiazolidinediones

Ligands of PPARy –> PPARy is a nuclear receptor expressed primarily in fat, muscle, liver tissue, and endothelium

Will increase: GLUT4 in skeletal m., GLUT4 in adipocytes, IRS1/2 and PI3K, and adiponectin

Will decrease: PEPCK and NF-kB and AP-1

Question 14

Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, and Empagliflozin are what types of drugs?

Answer 14

SGLT2 inhibitors

Allows for filtration and partial reabsorption of glucose rather than complete reabsorption of glucose

Question 15

Acarbose and miglitol are what types of drugs? MOA?

Answer 15

Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors

Competitive inhibition of a-glycosidases; Lower postprandial hyperglycemia to create and insulin-sparing effect