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Medical Pharmacology Fall 2014 > Drugs used for Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Drugs used for Ophthalmology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Timolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol

A

Nonselective Beta-Blockers
First Line Agents for Treatment of POAG

MOA
Decreased Aqueous Humor Formation

A/E
Heart block, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm

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2
Q

Betaxolol

Levobetaxolol

A

Selective Beta-Blockers
First Line Agents for Treatment of POAG

MOA
Decreased Aqueous Humor Formation

A/E
Heart block, Bradycardia, Hypotension

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3
Q

Apraclonidine** (used only for short times)

Brimonidine

A

Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists
First Line Agents for Treatment of POAG

MOA
Increased Aqueous Humor Outflow

A/E
Headache, Dry mouth, Dry nose, Altered taste, Conjunctivitis, Lid reactions, Pruritis

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4
Q

Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Unoprostone

A 
Prostaglandin Analogs (mostly PGF2α)
First Line Agents for Treatment of POAG

MOA
Increased Aqueous Humor Outflow

A/E
Heightened brown pigmentation of the iris and eyelid

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5
Q

Cycloplegics

Mydriatics

A 
Cycloplegics—paralyze ciliary muscles
Mydriatics—dilate the pupil
Uses
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Treatment of anterior uveitis
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6
Q

Miotics :Dapiprazole

A

Miotics constrict pupil

Dapiprazole (Rev-Eyes) not in US

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7
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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8
Q

Lodoxamide fumarate

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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9
Q

Nedocromil sodium

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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10
Q

Pemirolast potassium

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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11
Q

Emedastine

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Histamine Receptor Blockers/Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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12
Q

Azelastine

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Histamine Receptor Blockers/Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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13
Q

Epinastine

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Histamine Receptor Blockers/Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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14
Q

Ketotifen fumarate

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Histamine Receptor Blockers/Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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15
Q

Olopatadine

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

Histamine Receptor Blockers/Mast-Cell Stabilizers

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16
Q

Ketorolac tromethamine

A

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

NSAIDs

17
Q

Loteprednol,
Dexamethasone,
Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoids

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

18
Q

Naphazoline (Clear Eyes®),
Oxymetazoline (Visine LR®),
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine®),
Tetrahydrozoline (Visine Moisturizing®)

A

Decongestants (Vasoconstrictors)

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

19
Q

Naphazoline (Clear Eyes®),

A

Decongestants (Vasoconstrictors)

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

20
Q

Oxymetazoline (Visine LR®),

A

Decongestants (Vasoconstrictors)

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

21
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine®),

A

Decongestants (Vasoconstrictors)

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

22
Q

Tetrahydrozoline (Visine Moisturizing®)

A

Decongestants (Vasoconstrictors)

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

23
Q

Naphazoline/pheniramine

A

Decongestant/Histamine Receptor Blocker

Drugs Used to Treat Allergic Conjunctivitis

24
Q

Angiogenesis inhibitors

A

Treatment of Neovascular (Wet)-ARMD

mainly target Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

25
Q

Pegaptanib

A

Treatment of Neovascular (Wet)-ARMD

Angiogenesis inhibitors

(oligonucleotide directed toward VEGF)

26
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Treatment of Neovascular (Wet)-ARMD

Angiogenesis inhibitors

(monoclonal antibody to VEGF)

27
Q

Ranibizumab (fragment of bevacizumab)

A

Treatment of Neovascular (Wet)-ARMD

Angiogenesis inhibitors

(fragment of bevacizumab)

28
Q

Aflibercept (Eylea)

A

Treatment of Neovascular (Wet)-ARMD

Angiogenesis inhibitors

29
Q

Demulcents (Artificial Tears)

A

Used to treat “dry eye”
Contain polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose esters or both to serve as “wetting agents”
Cyclosporine (Restasis®) to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye)

30
Q

Fluorescein sodium

Fluorescein sodium with benoxinate

A

Diagnostic Dyes

Useful for assessing corneal scratches and foreign bodies

31
Q

Cyclosporine (Restasis®)

A

Demulcents (Artificial Tears)

to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye)

32
Q

proparacaine and tetracaine

A

Local Anesthetics
Most common

Other Agents Used in Ophthalmology

33
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin)
Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
Macrolides (Erythromycin)
Tetracycline
Sulfonamides (Sulfacetamide, sulfisoxazole)
Polypeptides (Polymyxin B)
Inorganic Ions (Silver nitrate)

A

Antimicrobial Agents

Agents from several classes used to treat bacterial eye infections

34
Q

Natamycin (Natacyn®)

A

The antifungal agent, Natamycin (Natacyn®), is used to treat blepharitis, keratitis, or conjunctivitis caused by fungi

35
Q

trifluridine,
vidarabine,
ganciclovir
and idoxuridine)

A

Antiviral agents are mainly used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye) of viral origin

36
Q

trifluridine

A

Antiviral agents are mainly used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye) of viral origin

37
Q

vidarabine

A

Antiviral agents are mainly used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye) of viral origin

38
Q

ganciclovir

A

Antiviral agents are mainly used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye) of viral origin

39
Q

idoxuridine

A

Antiviral agents are mainly used to treat keratoconjunctivitis sicca (chronic dry eye) of viral origin

Medical Pharmacology Fall 2014 (6 decks)

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