Drugs to Treat Heart Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs to reduce blood cholesterol

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2
Q

How do plant statins work?

A

By reducing the LDL cholesterol in the blood

They inhibit (stop) an enzyme which is involved in the making (synthesis) of the LDL cholesterol in the level

Less cholesterol is formed so the chances of forming an atheroma, atheroscleroris and CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) are reduced

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3
Q

Statins reduce the chances of which diseases?

A

Atheroma
Atherosclerosis
CVDs

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4
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A
Muscle inflammation
Liver damage
Joint pains
Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Kidney damage
Cataracts
Diabetes
Allergies
Skin rash
Respiratory problems
Headaches
Dizziness
Depression
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5
Q

What is a cataract?

A

A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye

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6
Q

What are anti-hypertensives?

A

They reduce blood pressure and heart rate

Prevent smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls from contraction by acting on the nervous system

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7
Q

What type of drugs are ACE inhibitors?

A

Anti-hypertensives

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8
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Reduce blood pressure by reducing the synthesis of the hormone Angiotensin II

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9
Q

What is the function of the hormone Angiotensin II

A

Causes blood vessels to vasoconstrict which results in a higher blood pressure

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10
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Narrowing or constriction of the blood vessels

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11
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Dizziness
Dry cough
Abnormal heart rhythms

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12
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase the volume of urine produced by the kidneys to excrete more fluids and salts

This leads a lower in blood plasma volume and thus lowering in blood pressure

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13
Q

What type of drugs are diuretics?

A

Anti-hypertensives

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14
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

Dizziness
Nausea
Muscle cramps

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15
Q

What do anticoagulants and platelet inhibitory drugs do?

A

They reduce the stickiness of platelets and thus reduce the chance of blood clotting (stroke)

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16
Q

What type of drug iswarfarin?

A

Anticoagulant

17
Q

What are the side effects of warfarin?

A

Risk of internal bleeding

18
Q

What type of drug is aspirin?

A

Platelet inhibitory drug

19
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

Reduces the stickiness of platelets

20
Q

What are the side-effects of aspirin?

A

Internal bleeding
haemorrhage
Stomach ulcers
Nausea