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Systemic Pharmacology II > Drugs to Know 2 > Flashcards

Drugs to Know 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phenelzine

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT, and dopamine; increased effectiveness of synaptic transmission by increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released per action potential

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2
Q

Selegiline

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

Depression: inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT, and dopamine; increased effectiveness of synaptic transmission by increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released per action potential

Anti-Parkinson: inhibition of MAO to increase DA storage in vesicles; MAOI for dopaminergic neurons but is essentially inactive against MAO in noradrenergic neurons (except in very high doses)

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3
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT, and dopamine; increased effectiveness of synaptic transmission by increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released per action potential

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4
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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5
Q

Desipramine

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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6
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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7
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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8
Q

Citalopram

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

blocks reuptake of 5HT (highly selective); leads to increased concentration in the synaptic gap

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9
Q

Escitalopram

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

blocks reuptake of 5HT (highly selective); leads to increased concentration in the synaptic gap

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10
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

blocks reuptake of 5HT (highly selective); leads to increased concentration in the synaptic gap

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11
Q

Paroxetine

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

blocks reuptake of 5HT (highly selective); leads to increased concentration in the synaptic gap

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12
Q

Sertraline

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

blocks reuptake of 5HT (highly selective); leads to increased concentration in the synaptic gap

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13
Q

Duloxetine

A

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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14
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT

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15
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical Antidepressant

weak dopamine and NE reuptake inhibitor

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16
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical Antidepressant

enhances serotonin and NE neurotransmission (blocks presynaptic alpha-2 receptors); potent antihistamine activity (sedative)

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17
Q

Nefazodone

A

Atypical Antidepressant

weak inhibitor of serotonin reuptake; potent antihistamine activity (sedative)

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18
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical Antidepressant

weak inhibitor of serotonin reuptake; potent antihistamine activity (sedative)

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19
Q

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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20
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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21
Q

Clorazepate

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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22
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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23
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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24
Q

Estazolam

A

Benzodiazepine

binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA

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25
Flurazepam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
26
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
27
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
28
Oxazepam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
29
Temazepam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
30
Triazolam
Benzodiazepine binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA; also decreases the release of GABA
31
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine Antagonist antagonist at benzodiazepine binding site; rapidly reduces cellular effects of benzodiazepines
32
Busprione
serotonin receptor agonist used to treat anxiety
33
Pentobarbital
Barbiturate binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA
34
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA
35
Secobarbital
Barbiturate binding to receptor increases the affinity of GABA for its receptor; enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA
36
Eszopiclone
Benzo-Like high affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA receptors; mimic effects of BZDs
37
Zaleplon
Benzo-Like high affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA receptors; mimic effects of BZDs
38
Zolpidem
Benzo-Like high affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA receptors; mimic effects of BZDs
39
Reamelteon
melatonin receptor agonist
40
Acamprosate
Treatment of Alcohol Dependence poorly understood MOA
41
Disulfiram
Treatment of Alcohol Dependence inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase; blocks important oxidation step; causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the blood (causes flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, nausea); patients avoid alcohol in order to avoid above effects
42
Naltrexone
Treatment of Alcohol Dependence long-acting opiate antagonist; used along with psychotherapy support
43
Chlorpromazine
First Generation Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist; decreases effectiveness of DA to produce action potential by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors
44
Fluphenazine
First Generation Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist; decreases effectiveness of DA to produce action potential by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors
45
Haloperidol
First Generation Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist; decreases effectiveness of DA to produce action potential by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors
46
Thioridazine
First Generation Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist; decreases effectiveness of DA to produce action potential by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors
47
Thiothixene
First Generation Antipsychotic dopamine antagonist; decreases effectiveness of DA to produce action potential by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors
48
Aripiprazole
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
49
Clozapine
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
50
Lurasidone
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
51
Olanzapine
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
52
Quetiapine
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
53
Risperidone
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
54
Ziprasidone
Second Generation Antipsychotic dopamine and 5HT receptor antagonists; have activity at more dopamine receptors than First Generation Antipsychotics
55
Carbamazepine
Drugs Used to Treat Mania and Bipolar Disorder anti-epileptic
56
Lithium
Drugs Used to Treat Mania and Bipolar Disorder MOA not understood; appears to inhibit two signal transduction pathways; effects on synthesis and release of NE, 5HT, and DA; effects on cellular actions of above neurotransmitters
57
Valproic Acid
Drugs Used to Treat Mania and Bipolar Disorder anti-epileptic
58
Levodopa/Carbidopa
Anti-Parkinson Drugs boost DA synthesis- increases content of DA vesicles, increases amount of DA released, increased activation of postsynaptic receptors
59
Amantadine
Anti-Parkinson Drug MOA in Parkinson's is unknown; also an antiviral (inhibits viral uncoating; possibly more than usual DA-containing vesicles in the axon terminal are induced to release contents into the synapse; affects all dopaminergic neurons in the brain
60
Apomorphine
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Dopamine Agonist induces DA release; enhances release without directly affecting synthesis or metabolism of DA
61
Pramipexole
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Dopamine Agonist induces DA release; enhances release without directly affecting synthesis or metabolism of DA
62
Ropinirole
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Dopamine Agonist induces DA release; enhances release without directly affecting synthesis or metabolism of DA
63
Rotigotine
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Dopamine Agonist induces DA release; enhances release without directly affecting synthesis or metabolism of DA
64
Resagiline
Anti-Parkinson Drug- MAOI inhibition of MAO to increase DA storage in vesicles; MAOI for dopaminergic neurons but is essentially inactive against MAO in noradrenergic neurons (except in very high doses)
65
Entacapone
Anti-Parkinson Drug- COMT Inhibitor catechol-O-methyltransferase appears to interfere with levodopa uptake; entacapone inhibits this enzyme which increases the bioavailability of levodopa
66
Benztropine
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Antimuscarinic Agent reduces cholinergic influence; assumes imbalance can be corrected by reducing cholinergic influence; blocks cholinergic receptors
67
Biperiden
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Antimuscarinic Agent reduces cholinergic influence; assumes imbalance can be corrected by reducing cholinergic influence
68
Trihexphenidyl
Anti-Parkinson Drug- Antimuscarinic Agent reduces cholinergic influence; assumes imbalance can be corrected by reducing cholinergic influence; blocks cholinergic receptors
69
Donepezil
Treatment of Alzheimer's- Cholinesterase Inhibitor Binds reversibly to acetylcholinesterase; inhibits activity of the enzyme; leads to an increase in acetylcholine in the synapse; maximizes the remaining pool of ACh by inhibiting breakdown
70
Galantamine
Treatment of Alzheimer's- Cholinesterase Inhibitor Binds reversibly to acetylcholinesterase; inhibits activity of the enzyme; leads to an increase in acetylcholine in the synapse; maximizes the remaining pool of ACh by inhibiting breakdown
71
Rivastigmine
Treatment of Alzheimer's- Cholinesterase Inhibitor Binds reversibly to acetylcholinesterase; inhibits activity of the enzyme; leads to an increase in acetylcholine in the synapse; maximizes the remaining pool of ACh by inhibiting breakdown
72
Memantine
Treatment of Alzheimer's- NMDA Receptor Antagonist binds to glutamine receptors on the post-synaptic neuron; prevents binding of glutamine; theory is that blockage of NMDA receptors reduces cytotoxic effects on neurons caused by Ca influx across the plasma membranes
73
Caffeine
Drugs of Abuse: Psychomotor Stimulants Methylxanthine several proposed mechanisms; most important: blockade of adenosine receptors in CNS; adenosine inhibits dopamine release; caffeine indirectly enhances dopamine transmission
74
Theophylline
Drugs of Abuse: Psychomotor Stimulants Methylxanthine several proposed mechanisms; most important: blockade of adenosine receptors in CNS; adenosine inhibits dopamine release; caffeine indirectly enhances dopamine transmission
75
Nicotine
Drugs of Abuse: Psychomotor Stimulants Parasympathetic Agonist low doses: causes ganglionic stimulation; high doses: causes ganglionic blockade; affects nicotinic receptors in the PNS ganglia as well as dopamine neurons in the CNS- enhances DA transmission and impairs regulatory systems
76
Varenicline
Drugs of Abuse: Psychomotor Stimulants Parasympathetic Agonist partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in CNS; produces less of an effect than nicotine
77
Cocaine
Drugs of Abuse: Psychomotor Stimulants blocks reuptake of monoamines; NE, 5-HT, DA (especially); prolongs the effects of these neurotransmitters; increased DA in pleasure system of brain causes intense euphoria; chronic use actually depletes DA (triggers craving)
78
Amphetamine
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
79
Armodafinil
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines similar to amphetamine; specific for dopamine transporter; prevents reuptake of dopamine
80
Dexmethylphenidate
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
81
Dextroamphetamine
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
82
Lisdexamfetamine
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
83
Methamphetamine
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
84
Methylphenidate
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines exact mechanism is unknown; very similar to amphetamine- is a substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA; is NOT metabolized by MAO and is instead stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of storage vesicles); causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme; also inhibits MAO to a certain extent
85
Modafinil
Drugs of Abuse: Amphetamines similar to amphetamine; specific for dopamine transporter; prevents reuptake of dopamine
86
Dronabinol
Drugs of Abuse: Hallucinogens cannabinoid used to treat nausea
87
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Drugs of Abuse: Hallucinogens shows 5-HT agonist activity and activation of sympathetic nervous system; also shown to stimulate DA receptors
88
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Drugs of Abuse: Hallucinogens inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT, and NE; main action is to block NMDA glutamate receptor; prevents passage of Ca
89
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Drugs of Abuse: Hallucinogens THC receptors found on inhibitory presynaptic nerve terminals
90
Fentanyl
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
91
Heroin
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
92
Hydromorphone
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
93
Levorphanol
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
94
Loperamide
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation; selectively targets GI opiate receptors
95
Meperidine
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
96
Methadone
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
97
Morphine
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
98
Oxycodone
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
99
Oxymorphone
Opioid Agonist opiate receptor activation
100
Codeine
Partial Opioid Agonists (weak) opiate receptor activation
101
Hydrocodone
Partial Opioid Agonists (weak) opiate receptor activation
102
Tramadol
Mixed Mechanism Opioid binds to opioid receptor weakly and inhibits reuptake of NE and serotonin
103
Naloxone
Opioid Antagonist
104
Naltrexone
Opioid Antagonist
105
Buprenorphine
Mixed Opioid Agonist-Antagonists show agonist activity in drug naive patients; show antagonist activity in patients with opioid dependence
106
Nalbuphine
Mixed Opioid Agonist-Antagonists show agonist activity in drug naive patients; show antagonist activity in patients with opioid dependence
107
Lortab
Opioid Combination
108
Percocet
Opioid Combination
109
Percodan
Opioid Combination
110
Tylenol #2/#3/#4
Opioid Combination

Systemic Pharmacology II (4 decks)

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