Drugs to Know Flashcards
What is Alendronate?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Bisphosphonate - inhibits Rank L signalling to osteoclast by osteoblasts to decrease bone resorption.
I - Osteoporosis, myeloma, long term steroids
What is Atenolol
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Cardio-selective Beta Blocker - inhibits B1 on heart
I - angina, ICS, arrhythmia
What is Atracurium?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Muscle relaxant - competitively binds to cholinergic receptors at NMJ to inhibit ACh action.
I - Surgery
What is Bendroflumethiazide?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Thiazide Diuretic - inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT
What is Cefuroxime?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
3rd gen Cephalosporin - Beta lactam
I - UTIs, prostatitis/pyelonephritis and HAP
What is Celecoxib?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAID which reduces the risk of causing an upper GI bleed.
I - pain relief in OA, RA, Ankylosing Spondylitis
What is Chloramphenicol?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Potent antibiotic often used in eye infections as eye drops
What is Ciclosporin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Calcineurin Inhibitor (similar to Tacrolimus) - Activates the T cell response
Causes immunosuppression
I - RA Psoriasis, Nephrotic syndrome, Crohns, Dermatitis + SICCA
What is Ciprofloxacin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Fluoroquinolone - antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
I - Gram -tve bacteria
What is Co-amoxiclav?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Combined Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid - beta lactam Abx + beta lactamase inhibitor
Used for Beta lactamase producing bacteria (Gram -tve)
What is Diamorphine?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Opioid analgesic - 2x stronger than morphine (it is heroin)
I - strong analgesia but not used long term
What is Dalteparin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
A LMWH - inhibits antithrombin III
I - DVT/PE and prevent risk of MI/stroke (ischaemic)
What is Dobutamine?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Beta 1 agonist (given IV ONLY)
I - Cardiogenic shock and Severe Heart failure
What is Doxazosin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Similar to Tamsulosin - an alpha adrenergic antagonist (alpha blocker)
I - HTN (mainly) also Phaeochromocytoma and BPH
What is Erythromycin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
A Macrolide Abx that inhibits the 50s ribosome for bacteria protein synthesis.
I - CAP, URTI, pertussis, Diphtheria
What is Ethinylestradiol?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Oestrogen replacement (HRT)
Treat post menopausally low oestrogen levels
Can cause osteoporosis
What is Furosemide?
Loop Diuretic
Inhibits the NKCCl2 transporter in Ascending LOH
I - HF, Oedema
What is Ipratropium Bromide?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Short Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (SAMA) - acts on M3 receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction
SABA preferred
What is Loperamide?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Antimotility agent - used when patient has diarrhoea
Opioid Receptor antagonist (binds to Mu receptor) and will reduce GI motility
I - Severe Diarrhoea (eg. in coeliacs or IBS-D)
What is Metformin?
A Biguanide T2DM drug
Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin
SE - Gi Upset, Lactic acidosis
What is Methotrexate?
A DMARD - Folate synthesis inhibitor by inhibiting Dihydrofolate reductase
I - Key use in improving the prognosis of RA and Psoriasis and reactive arthritis
CI - preggo
What is Oxybutynin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
An Anti muscarinic used to treat and overactive bladder and LUTs
Also used in incontinence - stress and urge
What is Ramipril?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
ACE inhibitor
I - BP, Angina, HF
SE - hypokalaemia, AKI, Dry cough and teratogenic
What is Riviroxaban?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
DOAC - Factor Xa inhibitor
I - First line and prophylaxis in DVT and PE
What is Salmeterol?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Long Acting Beta Agonist (LABA)
What is Sildenafil?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
VIAGRA - Selective Inhibitor of cGMP
A phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5)
Treats Erectile Dysfunction and Idiopathic Pulmonary HTN
What is Suxamethonium?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
Very rapid acting depolarising type neuromuscular junction blocking agent.
What is Tamsulosin?
What is its mechanism of action?
What are its indications?
An alpha blocker used to treat BPH by relaxing the bladder neck
SE - Postural Hypertension
What is Tramadol?
Synthetic Opioid pain reliever for Moderate to severe pain
Acts on Mu Receptors
Weaker than Morphine!
