Drugs - The Basics: What kind of drug is this? Flashcards
Metformin
Oral hypoglycaemic agent (only clinically available bigunide)
Gliclazide
Sulphonylurea / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Glimepiride
Sulphonylurea / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Acarbose
α-glucosidase inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Rosiglitazone
Glitazone / oral hypoglycaemic agent (withdrawn)
Pioglitazone
Glitazone / oral hypoglycaemic agent (rarely used)
Exenatide
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Liraglutide
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Lixisenatide
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Vidagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Saxagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Linagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Dapagliflozin
SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Canagliflozin
SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Empagliflozin
SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent
Insulin
Naturally Occurring Protein - Synthetic analogues injected as hypoglycaemic agents
FiAsp
Ultrafast acting insulin
Humalog
Rapid acting insulin
Novorapid/Aspart
Rapid acting insulin
Apidra
Rapid acting insulin
Isophane or NPH Insulins
Intermediate acting insulins
Glargine
Long/Very Long acting insulin
Detemir
Long/Very Long acting insulin
Degludec
Long/Very Long acting insulin
Novomix 30
Fixed combination insulin therapy - 30% rapid, 70% intermediate acting
Humulin M3
Fixed combination insulin therapy - 30% rapid, 70% intermediate acting
Progesterone
Sex steroid hormone
Oestrogens
Group of sex steroid hormones
Testosterone
Androgen / Sex steroid hormone
Clomiphene
Synthetic anti-oestrogen
RU486/Mifepristone
Steroidal Anti-progestogen
Finasteride
5α-reductase inhibitor / Synthetic androstane steroid
Prevents testosterone conversion to DHT
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Mixed agonist/antagonist of oestrogen
Raloxifene
SERM - protects against osteoporosis
Tamoxifen
SERM - ER positive breast cancer
Selective Progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs)
Mixed agonist/antagonist of progesterone
Ulipristal acetate
SPRMs (emergency contraception)
Equilenin
Oestrogen derivative used in HRT
Ethinyl estradiol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
Mestranol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
Quinestrol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Synthetic progesterone derivative (delays onset of labour to prevent preterm birth)
Norgestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative
Levonorgestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative (morning after pill, POP)
Desogestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative (POP)
COCP
Oestrogen and progestin formulation
POP
Progestin combination pill
Norethisterone
Synthetic progesterone derivative (POP)
Premarin
Conjugated oestrogen tablet - HRT
Statin
Lipid-lowering drug
Cholesterol lipase inhibitors
Lipid-lowering drug
Fibrates
Lipid-lowering drug - PPAR-α agonists
Omega-3 fatty acids
Lipid-lowering drug
Resins
Lipid-lowering drug
Simvastatin
Short-acting Statin
Atorvastatin
Statin
Rosuvastatin
Statin
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol lipase inhibitor
Nicotinic acid/niacin
Lipid lowering drug
Omacar
Omega-3 fatty acid
Fenofibrate
Fibrate/Fibric Acid Derivative
Statin plus
Combination therapy for High Cholesterol - fibrate, nicotinic aicd, ezetimibe, omega-3 FAs.
Aciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
Valaciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
Penciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
Famciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
Ganciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (Better for CMV)
Valganciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (Better for CMV)
Cidofovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - cytidine nucleotide analogues (for all HSVs)
Foscarnet
Anti-Herpes virus drug - pyrophosphate analogue
Lamivudine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Cytidine nucleoside analogue
Adefovir
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Adenosine nucleotide analogue
Emtricitabine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - 5’ fluorinated nucleoside analogue derivative
Entecavir
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Guanasine nucleoside analogue
Telbivudine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Thymidine Analogue
Ribavirin
Anti Hepatitis C Drug - Guanosine Analogue
IFN-α
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from mast cells)
IFN-β
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from mast cells)
IFN-γ
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from T cells & NK cells)
Amantadine
Anti-influenza drug - symmetric tricyclic amine
Rimantidine
Anti-influenza drug - symmetric tricyclic amine
Oseltamivir
Anti-influenza drug - Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Zanamivir
Anti-influenza drug - Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Maribavir
New Antiviral for CMV
Pleconaril
New Antiviral for Entero-/Rhino-viruses
NRTIs
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV1 and HIV2)
Zidovudine
NRTI
Didanosine
NRTI
Stavudine
NRTI
Lamivudine
NRTI
Abacavir
NRTI
Emtricitabine
NRTI
Tenofovir
NRTI (nucleotide)
NNRTIs
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV1, not HIV2)
Nevirapine
NNRTI
Delavirdine
NNRTI
Efavirenz
NNRTI
Etravirine
NNRTI
Rilpivirine
NNRTI
PIs
Protease Inhibitors (HIV1 and HIV2)
FIs
Fusion Inhibitors (HIV1)
Enfuvirtide
FI (HIV1)
Maraviroc
Enry Inhibitor (New Anti-retroviral drug)
Raltegravir
Integrase Inhibitor (New Anti-retroviral drug)
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolone
Quinolones
Antimicrobials targetting DNA synthesis (via DNA gyrase inhibition)
Trimethaprim
Folic Acid Antagonist
Sulphonamides
Folic Acid Antagonist
Folic Acid Antagonists
Antimicrobials targetting DNA synthesis
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycosides
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
Erythromicin
Macrolide
Macrolides
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
Tetracyclines
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
Penicillins
Beta-lactams
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactams
Carbapenems
Beta-lactams
Beta-lactams
Antimicrobials targetting cell wall synthesis
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide Antimicrobial
Glycopeptide
Antimicrobials targetting cell wall synthesis
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Azathioprine
Immunosuppressant (often as a “steroid-sparing” drug) - Inflammatory Bowel Disease, SLE, Vasculitis
Ciclosporin
Immunosuppressant (Calcineurin Inhibitor) - transplants, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis
Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressant (Calcineurin Inhibitor) - transplants, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis
Mycophenolate mofetil
Immunosuppressant (“Sniper fire”) - transplants, lupus nephritis
Prednisone
Corticosteroid for severe RA
Methotrexate
DMARD with anti-folate action - RA, malignancy, severe psoriasis, Crohn’s
DMARDs
Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
Sulfasalazine
DMARD
Biopharmaceuticals including Anti-TNFα
DMARD
Adalimumab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD
Infliximab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD
Rituximab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD - Depletes B Cells
Cyclophosphamide
Very toxic but effective DMARD (alkylating agent) - also a chemo agent
Salbutamol
Short acting β2 agonist (inhaled)
Terbutaline
Short acting β2 agonist (inhaled)
Formoterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
Oladaterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
Indaraterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
Salmeterol
Slow onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
Vilanterol
Slow onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
Beclomethasone
Inhaled Glucocorticoid (asthma)
Budesonide
Inhaled corticosteroid (asthma)
Fluticasone
Inhaled Glucocorticoid for Asthma treament primarily
Montelukast
Leukotriene receptor agonist (severe asthma)
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene receptor agonist (severe asthma)
Theophylline
Methylxanthine (asthma)
Aminophylline
Methylxanthine (asthma)
Tioropium bromide
Long acting anticholinergic (LAMA) - asthma, COPD
Omalizumab
Anti-IgE
Mepolizumab
Anti- IL-5
Reslizumab
Anti- IL-5
Prednisolone
Corticosteroid - Acute exacerbation of COPD/Asthma
Trabectedin
Chemotherapy - Alkylating Agent
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Chemotherapy - Anti-metabolite
Methotrexate (Chemo)
Chemotherapy - Anti-metabolite
Platinum Compounds
Chemotherapy - Alkylating Agents
Cisplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
Carboplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
Oxaliplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
Vinca Alkaloids
Chemotherapy - Spindle Poison
Doxorubicin
Chemotherapy - anthracycline
Bleomycin
Chemotherapy - Antibiotic
Busulphan
Chemotherapy - Alkylating agent
Mitomycin C
Chemotherapy
Vincristine
Chemotherapy - Vinca alkaloid
Itraconazole
Anti-fungal
Capecitabine
Another name for oral 5-FU (antimetabolite chemo)
Aspirin
NSAID (The first!) - Anti-inflam, analgesic, anti-platelet
NSAID
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (Non-selective inhibiton of COX enzymes)
Paracetamol
Non-NSAID, Non-Opiate Analgesic (unique)
Ibuprofen
NSAID
Naproxen
NSAID
Celecoxib
NSAID (specifically COX-2 inhibitor)
Rofecoxib
NSAID (specifically COX-2 inhibitor)
Cocodamol
Combination therapy - paracetamol with low dose codeine
Warfarin
Anticoagulant (Coumarin - Vit-K dependant pathway)
Heparin
Anticoagulant intrinsic pathway)
LMW Heparin
Low molecular weight heparin
Dipyridamole
Anti-platelet drug - Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Clopidogrel
Anti-platelet drug - ADP antagonist
Glycogen IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Anti-platelet drugs
Benzodiazepines
Psychoactive tranquiliser/Hypnotic
Diazepam
Benzodizepine
N2O
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
Isoflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
Desflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
Sevoflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
Xenon
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia for neonates
Propofol
IV drug used in general anaesthesia
Barbiturates
IV CNS depressant used in general anaesthesia
Etomidate
IV CNS depressant used in general anaesthesia induction
Ketamine
Analgesic, hypntoic, amnesic used in general anaesthesia
Lidocaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
Bupivacaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
Ropivacaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
Procaine
Local anaesthetic (ester)
Procainamide
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Quinidine
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Disopyramide
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Lidocaine
Class 1b (weak) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Mexiletine
Class 1b (weak) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Flecainide
Class 1c (strong) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Propafenone
Class 1c (strong) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
Propanolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
Bisoprolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
Metoprolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
Esmolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
Amiodarone
Class III Anti-arrhythmic - K+ Channel Blocker
Sotalol
Class III Anti-arrhythmic - K+ Channel Blocker (also a beta blocker)
Rifampicin
Antibiotic targetting nucleic acid synthesis
Polymixins
Antibiotic targetting cell membrane function (rare)
Colistin
Polymixin
Fluoroquiolones
Quinolones antimicrobial
Doxycycline
Tetracycline antimicrobial
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin
Meropenem
Carbapenem
Imipenem
Carbapenem
Co-amoxiclav
Beta lactam Combination - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
Azoles
Anti-fungals (target cell membrane synthesis)
Fluconazole
Azole antifungal
Polyenes
Anti-fungals (target cell membrane function)
Nystatin
Polyene anti-fungal
Amphotericin
Polyene anti-fungal
Metronidazole
Antibacterial and antiprotazoal agent
Verapamil
Class IV Anti-arrhythmic - Ca2+ Channel Blocker (also for hypertension)
Diltiazem
Class IV Anti-arrhythmic - Ca2+ Channel Blocker
Adenosine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - slows AVN conduction
Vernakalant
New Additional Anti-arrhythmic - Atrial K+ channel blocker
Ivabradine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - blocks If ion current
Digoxin
Additional Anti-arrhythmic (cardiac glycoside)
Atropine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - selective muscarinic antagonist
Enkephalins
Endogenous opioid peptides
Endorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides
Dynorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides
Morphine
Opioid analgesic (gold standard)
Diamorphine
aka Heroin - Opioid analgesic
Methadone
Opioid analgesic
Buprenorphine
Opioid analgesic
Codeine
Opioid analgesic
Dihydrocodeine
Opioid analgesic
Tramadol
Opioid analgesic
Tapentadol
New Opioid analgesic
Fentanyl
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
Afentanyl
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
Remifentanil
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
Pethidine
Opioid analgesic used in labour
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Diuretics
Thiazides
Diuretics
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
Dorzolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
Mannitol
Osmotic Diuretic
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic
Metolazone
Thiazide diuretic used for hypertension
Indapamide
Thiazide diuretic used for hypertension
Spironolactone
Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretic
Eplerenone
Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretic
Demeclocycline
ADH antagonist (diuretic)
Amiloride
Diuretic activity (oedema)
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
ARBs
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Lisinorpil
ACE Inhibitor
Ramipril
ACE Inhibitor
Losartan
ARB
Valsartan
ARB
Nifedipine
Dihydropyridine (L-type calcium channel blocker)
Amlodipine
Dihydropyridine (L-type calcium channel blocker)
Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide Diuretic used in hypertension
Doxazosin
Alpha adrenoceptor blockers
Atenolol
Beta Blocker (Anti-hypertensive)
Nebirolol
Beta Blocker (Anti-hypertensive)
Aliskirin
Direct Renin Inhibitor (Anti-hypertensive)
Methydopa
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
Clonidine
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
Moxoxidine
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
Carbamezepine
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker) and Mood Stabiliser
Phenytoin
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker)
Lamotrigine
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker) and Mood Stabiliser
Valproate
Anti-Epileptic Drug (Enhanced GABA Mediated Inhibition)
Benzodiazepines
Anti-Epileptic Drug (Enhanced GABA Mediated Inhibition)
Valium
Benzodiazepine
Lorezepam
Benzodiazepine
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine
Levodopa (L-DOPA)
Dopamine precursor
Co-careldopa/Sinemet
L-DOPA w/ a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
Co-beneldopa/Madopar
L-DOPA w/ a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
Ropinirole
Non-Ergot Dervived Dopamine Receptor Agonist
Pramipexole
Non-Ergot Dervived Dopamine Receptor Agonist
Rotigotine
Dopamine Receptor Agonist (Patch)
Apomorphine
Dopamine Receptor Agonist (Subcutaneous)
Rasagaline
MAOB Inhibitor
Selegiline
Older MAOB Inhibitor
Entacapone
COMT Inhibitor (L-DOPA sparing)
Trihexyphenidydyl
Anticholinergic (Parkinson’s)
Orphenadrine
Anticholinergic (Parkinson’s)
Procyclidine
Anticholinergic (Parkinson’s)
Amantadine
Parkinson’s Disease Drug (uncertain mechanism)
Pyridostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (myasthenia gravis)
Neostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (myasthenia gravis)
Fluoxetine
SSRI
Citalopram
SSRI
Paroxetine
SSRI
Sertraline
SSRI
SSRIs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Amitryptiline
Tricyclic antidepressant
Imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
Clomipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
Lofepramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
Venlafaxine
SNRI
Duloxetine
SNRI
SNRI
Serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors
Haloperidol
First generation/typical antipsychotic
Chlorpromazine
First generation/typical antipsychotic
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic
Clozapine
Antipsychotic
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine (Anxiety)
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
Lithium
Mood Stabiliser
Sodium Valproate
Mood Stabiliser
Donepezil
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
Galantamine
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
Rivastigmine
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
Memantine
NMDA antagonist (Dementia)
Aluminium Hydroxide/Maalox
Antacid
Gaviscon/Compound Alginate
Antacid
Hyoscine
Anti-spasmodic
Mebeverine
Anti-spasmodic
Ranitidine
Histamine H2 Antagonists
Omeprazole
PPI
Lansoprazole
PPI
Esomeprazole
PPI
Loperamide
Anti-motility drug
Ispaghula Husk
Laxative
Senna
Laxative
Lactulose
Laxative
Macrogols eg Movicol
Laxative
Glycerol Suppositories
Laxative
Phospate Enemas
Laxative
Mesalazine
Inflamm. bowel disease
Infliximab
Inflamm. bowel disease