Drugs - The Basics: What kind of drug is this? Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin

A

Oral hypoglycaemic agent (only clinically available bigunide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gliclazide

A

Sulphonylurea / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulphonylurea / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acarbose

A

α-glucosidase inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Glitazone / oral hypoglycaemic agent (withdrawn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Glitazone / oral hypoglycaemic agent (rarely used)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exenatide

A

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Liraglutide

A

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lixisenatide

A

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Therapy / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vidagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saxagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Linagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Empagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor / oral hypoglycaemic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insulin

A

Naturally Occurring Protein - Synthetic analogues injected as hypoglycaemic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FiAsp

A

Ultrafast acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Humalog

A

Rapid acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Novorapid/Aspart

A

Rapid acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Apidra

A

Rapid acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isophane or NPH Insulins

A

Intermediate acting insulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glargine

A

Long/Very Long acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Detemir

A

Long/Very Long acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Degludec
Long/Very Long acting insulin
26
Novomix 30
Fixed combination insulin therapy - 30% rapid, 70% intermediate acting
27
Humulin M3
Fixed combination insulin therapy - 30% rapid, 70% intermediate acting
28
Progesterone
Sex steroid hormone
29
Oestrogens
Group of sex steroid hormones
30
Testosterone
Androgen / Sex steroid hormone
31
Clomiphene
Synthetic anti-oestrogen
32
RU486/Mifepristone
Steroidal Anti-progestogen
33
Finasteride
5α-reductase inhibitor / Synthetic androstane steroid | Prevents testosterone conversion to DHT
34
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Mixed agonist/antagonist of oestrogen
35
Raloxifene
SERM - protects against osteoporosis
36
Tamoxifen
SERM - ER positive breast cancer
37
Selective Progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs)
Mixed agonist/antagonist of progesterone
38
Ulipristal acetate
SPRMs (emergency contraception)
39
Equilenin
Oestrogen derivative used in HRT
40
Ethinyl estradiol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
41
Mestranol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
42
Quinestrol
Synthetic Derivative Oestrogen Analogues
43
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Synthetic progesterone derivative (delays onset of labour to prevent preterm birth)
44
Norgestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative
45
Levonorgestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative (morning after pill, POP)
46
Desogestrel
Synthetic testosterone derivative (POP)
47
COCP
Oestrogen and progestin formulation
48
POP
Progestin combination pill
49
Norethisterone
Synthetic progesterone derivative (POP)
50
Premarin
Conjugated oestrogen tablet - HRT
51
Statin
Lipid-lowering drug
52
Cholesterol lipase inhibitors
Lipid-lowering drug
53
Fibrates
Lipid-lowering drug - PPAR-α agonists
54
Omega-3 fatty acids
Lipid-lowering drug
55
Resins
Lipid-lowering drug
56
Simvastatin
Short-acting Statin
57
Atorvastatin
Statin
58
Rosuvastatin
Statin
59
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol lipase inhibitor
60
Nicotinic acid/niacin
Lipid lowering drug
61
Omacar
Omega-3 fatty acid
62
Fenofibrate
Fibrate/Fibric Acid Derivative
63
Statin plus
Combination therapy for High Cholesterol - fibrate, nicotinic aicd, ezetimibe, omega-3 FAs.
64
Aciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
65
Valaciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
66
Penciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
67
Famciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (HSV1/2, VZV)
68
Ganciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (Better for CMV)
69
Valganciclovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - guanasine nucleoside analogues (Better for CMV)
70
Cidofovir
Anti-Herpes virus drug - cytidine nucleotide analogues (for all HSVs)
71
Foscarnet
Anti-Herpes virus drug - pyrophosphate analogue
72
Lamivudine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Cytidine nucleoside analogue
73
Adefovir
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Adenosine nucleotide analogue
74
Emtricitabine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - 5' fluorinated nucleoside analogue derivative
75
Entecavir
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Guanasine nucleoside analogue
76
Telbivudine
Anti Hepatitis B Drug - Thymidine Analogue
77
Ribavirin
Anti Hepatitis C Drug - Guanosine Analogue
78
IFN-α
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from mast cells)
79
IFN-β
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from mast cells)
80
IFN-γ
Interferon - HBV and HCV (endogenously from T cells & NK cells)
81
Amantadine
Anti-influenza drug - symmetric tricyclic amine
82
Rimantidine
Anti-influenza drug - symmetric tricyclic amine
83
Oseltamivir
Anti-influenza drug - Neuraminidase Inhibitor
84
Zanamivir
Anti-influenza drug - Neuraminidase Inhibitor
85
Maribavir
New Antiviral for CMV
86
Pleconaril
New Antiviral for Entero-/Rhino-viruses
87
NRTIs
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV1 and HIV2)
88
Zidovudine
NRTI
89
Didanosine
NRTI
90
Stavudine
NRTI
91
Lamivudine
NRTI
92
Abacavir
NRTI
93
Emtricitabine
NRTI
94
Tenofovir
NRTI (nucleotide)
95
NNRTIs
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (HIV1, not HIV2)
96
Nevirapine
NNRTI
97
Delavirdine
NNRTI
98
Efavirenz
NNRTI
99
Etravirine
NNRTI
100
Rilpivirine
NNRTI
101
PIs
Protease Inhibitors (HIV1 and HIV2)
102
FIs
Fusion Inhibitors (HIV1)
103
Enfuvirtide
FI (HIV1)
104
Maraviroc
Enry Inhibitor (New Anti-retroviral drug)
105
Raltegravir
Integrase Inhibitor (New Anti-retroviral drug)
106
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolone
107
Quinolones
Antimicrobials targetting DNA synthesis (via DNA gyrase inhibition)
108
Trimethaprim
Folic Acid Antagonist
109
Sulphonamides
Folic Acid Antagonist
110
Folic Acid Antagonists
Antimicrobials targetting DNA synthesis
111
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
112
Aminoglycosides
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
113
Erythromicin
Macrolide
114
Macrolides
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
115
Tetracyclines
Antimicrobials targetting protein synthesis
116
Penicillins
Beta-lactams
117
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactams
118
Carbapenems
Beta-lactams
119
Beta-lactams
Antimicrobials targetting cell wall synthesis
120
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide Antimicrobial
121
Glycopeptide
Antimicrobials targetting cell wall synthesis
122
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
123
Azathioprine
Immunosuppressant (often as a "steroid-sparing" drug) - Inflammatory Bowel Disease, SLE, Vasculitis
124
Ciclosporin
Immunosuppressant (Calcineurin Inhibitor) - transplants, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis
125
Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressant (Calcineurin Inhibitor) - transplants, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis
126
Mycophenolate mofetil
Immunosuppressant ("Sniper fire") - transplants, lupus nephritis
127
Prednisone
Corticosteroid for severe RA
128
Methotrexate
DMARD with anti-folate action - *RA*, malignancy, severe psoriasis, Crohn's
129
DMARDs
Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
130
Sulfasalazine
DMARD
131
Biopharmaceuticals including Anti-TNFα
DMARD
132
Adalimumab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD
133
Infliximab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD
134
Rituximab
Biopharmaceutical DMARD - Depletes B Cells
135
Cyclophosphamide
Very toxic but effective DMARD (alkylating agent) - also a chemo agent
136
Salbutamol
Short acting β2 agonist (inhaled)
137
Terbutaline
Short acting β2 agonist (inhaled)
138
Formoterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
139
Oladaterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
140
Indaraterol
Fast onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
141
Salmeterol
Slow onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
142
Vilanterol
Slow onset, Long duration β2 agonist (inhaled)
143
Beclomethasone
Inhaled Glucocorticoid (asthma)
144
Budesonide
Inhaled corticosteroid (asthma)
145
Fluticasone
Inhaled Glucocorticoid for Asthma treament primarily
146
Montelukast
Leukotriene receptor agonist (severe asthma)
147
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene receptor agonist (severe asthma)
148
Theophylline
Methylxanthine (asthma)
149
Aminophylline
Methylxanthine (asthma)
150
Tioropium bromide
Long acting anticholinergic (LAMA) - asthma, COPD
151
Omalizumab
Anti-IgE
152
Mepolizumab
Anti- IL-5
153
Reslizumab
Anti- IL-5
154
Prednisolone
Corticosteroid - Acute exacerbation of COPD/Asthma
155
Trabectedin
Chemotherapy - Alkylating Agent
156
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Chemotherapy - Anti-metabolite
157
Methotrexate (Chemo)
Chemotherapy - Anti-metabolite
158
Platinum Compounds
Chemotherapy - Alkylating Agents
159
Cisplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
160
Carboplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
161
Oxaliplatin
Chemotherapy - Platinum Alkyating Agent
162
Vinca Alkaloids
Chemotherapy - Spindle Poison
163
Doxorubicin
Chemotherapy - anthracycline
164
Bleomycin
Chemotherapy - Antibiotic
165
Busulphan
Chemotherapy - Alkylating agent
166
Mitomycin C
Chemotherapy
167
Vincristine
Chemotherapy - Vinca alkaloid
168
Itraconazole
Anti-fungal
169
Capecitabine
Another name for oral 5-FU (antimetabolite chemo)
170
Aspirin
NSAID (The first!) - Anti-inflam, analgesic, anti-platelet
171
NSAID
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (Non-selective inhibiton of COX enzymes)
172
Paracetamol
Non-NSAID, Non-Opiate Analgesic (unique)
173
Ibuprofen
NSAID
174
Naproxen
NSAID
175
Celecoxib
NSAID (specifically COX-2 inhibitor)
176
Rofecoxib
NSAID (specifically COX-2 inhibitor)
177
Cocodamol
Combination therapy - paracetamol with low dose codeine
178
Warfarin
Anticoagulant (Coumarin - Vit-K dependant pathway)
179
Heparin
Anticoagulant intrinsic pathway)
180
LMW Heparin
Low molecular weight heparin
181
Dipyridamole
Anti-platelet drug - Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
182
Clopidogrel
Anti-platelet drug - ADP antagonist
183
Glycogen IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Anti-platelet drugs
184
Benzodiazepines
Psychoactive tranquiliser/Hypnotic
185
Diazepam
Benzodizepine
186
N2O
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
187
Isoflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
188
Desflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
189
Sevoflurane
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia
190
Xenon
Gas volatile used in general anaesthesia for neonates
191
Propofol
IV drug used in general anaesthesia
192
Barbiturates
IV CNS depressant used in general anaesthesia
193
Etomidate
IV CNS depressant used in general anaesthesia induction
194
Ketamine
Analgesic, hypntoic, amnesic used in general anaesthesia
195
Lidocaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
196
Bupivacaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
197
Ropivacaine
Local anaesthetic (amide)
198
Procaine
Local anaesthetic (ester)
199
Procainamide
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
200
Quinidine
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
201
Disopyramide
Class 1a (moderate) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
202
Lidocaine
Class 1b (weak) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
203
Mexiletine
Class 1b (weak) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
204
Flecainide
Class 1c (strong) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
205
Propafenone
Class 1c (strong) Na+ Channel Blocker (Anti-arrhythmic)
206
Propanolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
207
Bisoprolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
208
Metoprolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
209
Esmolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic - Beta Blocker
210
Amiodarone
Class III Anti-arrhythmic - K+ Channel Blocker
211
Sotalol
Class III Anti-arrhythmic - K+ Channel Blocker (also a beta blocker)
212
Rifampicin
Antibiotic targetting nucleic acid synthesis
213
Polymixins
Antibiotic targetting cell membrane function (rare)
214
Colistin
Polymixin
215
Fluoroquiolones
Quinolones antimicrobial
216
Doxycycline
Tetracycline antimicrobial
217
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin
218
Meropenem
Carbapenem
219
Imipenem
Carbapenem
220
Co-amoxiclav
Beta lactam Combination - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
221
Azoles
Anti-fungals (target cell membrane synthesis)
222
Fluconazole
Azole antifungal
223
Polyenes
Anti-fungals (target cell membrane function)
224
Nystatin
Polyene anti-fungal
225
Amphotericin
Polyene anti-fungal
226
Metronidazole
Antibacterial and antiprotazoal agent
227
Verapamil
Class IV Anti-arrhythmic - Ca2+ Channel Blocker (also for hypertension)
228
Diltiazem
Class IV Anti-arrhythmic - Ca2+ Channel Blocker
229
Adenosine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - slows AVN conduction
230
Vernakalant
New Additional Anti-arrhythmic - Atrial K+ channel blocker
231
Ivabradine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - blocks If ion current
232
Digoxin
Additional Anti-arrhythmic (cardiac glycoside)
233
Atropine
Additional Anti-arrhythmic - selective muscarinic antagonist
234
Enkephalins
Endogenous opioid peptides
235
Endorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides
236
Dynorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides
237
Morphine
Opioid analgesic (gold standard)
238
Diamorphine
aka Heroin - Opioid analgesic
239
Methadone
Opioid analgesic
240
Buprenorphine
Opioid analgesic
241
Codeine
Opioid analgesic
242
Dihydrocodeine
Opioid analgesic
243
Tramadol
Opioid analgesic
244
Tapentadol
New Opioid analgesic
245
Fentanyl
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
246
Afentanyl
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
247
Remifentanil
Opioid analgesic used in anaesthetics
248
Pethidine
Opioid analgesic used in labour
249
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Diuretics
250
Thiazides
Diuretics
251
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
252
Dorzolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
253
Mannitol
Osmotic Diuretic
254
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
255
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic
256
Metolazone
Thiazide diuretic used for hypertension
257
Indapamide
Thiazide diuretic used for hypertension
258
Spironolactone
Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretic
259
Eplerenone
Aldosterone Antagonist Diuretic
260
Demeclocycline
ADH antagonist (diuretic)
261
Amiloride
Diuretic activity (oedema)
262
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
263
ARBs
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
264
Lisinorpil
ACE Inhibitor
265
Ramipril
ACE Inhibitor
266
Losartan
ARB
267
Valsartan
ARB
268
Nifedipine
Dihydropyridine (L-type calcium channel blocker)
269
Amlodipine
Dihydropyridine (L-type calcium channel blocker)
270
Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide Diuretic used in hypertension
271
Doxazosin
Alpha adrenoceptor blockers
272
Atenolol
Beta Blocker (Anti-hypertensive)
273
Nebirolol
Beta Blocker (Anti-hypertensive)
274
Aliskirin
Direct Renin Inhibitor (Anti-hypertensive)
275
Methydopa
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
276
Clonidine
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
277
Moxoxidine
Centrally Acting Agent for Hypertension
278
Carbamezepine
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker) and Mood Stabiliser
279
Phenytoin
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker)
280
Lamotrigine
Anti-Epileptic Drug (VGSC Blocker) and Mood Stabiliser
281
Valproate
Anti-Epileptic Drug (Enhanced GABA Mediated Inhibition)
282
Benzodiazepines
Anti-Epileptic Drug (Enhanced GABA Mediated Inhibition)
283
Valium
Benzodiazepine
284
Lorezepam
Benzodiazepine
285
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine
286
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine
287
Levodopa (L-DOPA)
Dopamine precursor
288
Co-careldopa/Sinemet
L-DOPA w/ a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
289
Co-beneldopa/Madopar
L-DOPA w/ a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
290
Ropinirole
Non-Ergot Dervived Dopamine Receptor Agonist
291
Pramipexole
Non-Ergot Dervived Dopamine Receptor Agonist
292
Rotigotine
Dopamine Receptor Agonist (Patch)
293
Apomorphine
Dopamine Receptor Agonist (Subcutaneous)
294
Rasagaline
MAOB Inhibitor
295
Selegiline
Older MAOB Inhibitor
296
Entacapone
COMT Inhibitor (L-DOPA sparing)
297
Trihexyphenidydyl
Anticholinergic (Parkinson's)
298
Orphenadrine
Anticholinergic (Parkinson's)
299
Procyclidine
Anticholinergic (Parkinson's)
300
Amantadine
Parkinson's Disease Drug (uncertain mechanism)
301
Pyridostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (myasthenia gravis)
302
Neostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (myasthenia gravis)
303
Fluoxetine
SSRI
304
Citalopram
SSRI
305
Paroxetine
SSRI
306
Sertraline
SSRI
307
SSRIs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
308
Amitryptiline
Tricyclic antidepressant
309
Imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
310
Clomipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
311
Lofepramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
312
Venlafaxine
SNRI
313
Duloxetine
SNRI
314
SNRI
Serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors
315
Haloperidol
First generation/typical antipsychotic
316
Chlorpromazine
First generation/typical antipsychotic
317
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic
318
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic
319
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic
320
Clozapine
Antipsychotic
321
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine (Anxiety)
322
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
323
Lithium
Mood Stabiliser
324
Sodium Valproate
Mood Stabiliser
325
Donepezil
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
326
Galantamine
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
327
Rivastigmine
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)
328
Memantine
NMDA antagonist (Dementia)
329
Aluminium Hydroxide/Maalox
Antacid
330
Gaviscon/Compound Alginate
Antacid
331
Hyoscine
Anti-spasmodic
332
Mebeverine
Anti-spasmodic
333
Ranitidine
Histamine H2 Antagonists
334
Omeprazole
PPI
335
Lansoprazole
PPI
336
Esomeprazole
PPI
337
Loperamide
Anti-motility drug
338
Ispaghula Husk
Laxative
339
Senna
Laxative
340
Lactulose
Laxative
341
Macrogols eg Movicol
Laxative
342
Glycerol Suppositories
Laxative
343
Phospate Enemas
Laxative
344
Mesalazine
Inflamm. bowel disease
345
Infliximab
Inflamm. bowel disease