Drugs that act on the kideys Flashcards
name in order the parts of the nephron…
the proximal tubule (where salts and water in absorbed
the loop of Henle
the distal tubule
the collecting duct
What are the main uses for diuretics?
Oedema: fluid collection in the tissues
Hypertension: high blood pressure
(Glaucoma)
How do diuretics help with oedema ?
Diuretics increase urine
production
This draws more fluid
from swollen areas in tissue
Reduces swelling and area
returns to normal
How do diuretics help with hypertension ?
Increase volume of urine produced
Decrease blood volume
Decrease pressure on blood vessels
Decrease blood pressure
On which part of the nephron do thiazide diuretics act?
distal convoluted tubule
What are the clinical uses for thiazide diuretics?
Oedema
mild heart failure; liver & kidney disease; steroid / hormone treatment
Hypertension (long term)
Examples of thiazide diuretics are…
bendroflumethazide; cyclopenthiazide (Navidrex®)
and also
indapamide and metolazone
these are metabolised by the liver
how do thiazide diuretics act?
Blocks chloride pump
Increases excretion of SODIUM and CHLORIDE
(Increases excretion of POTASSIUM)
Due to sodium exchange for potassium in collecting duct
Via ion channels
Side effects of thiazide diuretics are …
Hypokalemia (low potassium): confusion, dizziness, arrythmias (care with digoxin). Hypocalcemia (low calcium): tiredness, lethargy, muscle fatigue Hyperuricemia (high uric acid): gout Hyperglycemia (high sugar) diabetes
Caution with pregnancy / breastfeeding
At which part of the nephron do loop diuretics work ?
the loop of Henle
what are the clinical uses for loop diuretics?
Oedema
severe heart failure;
acute ventricular failure (pulmonary oedema)
Hypertension
Examples of loop diuretics are …
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torasemide
these are metabolised by the liver
How do loop diuretics work ?
Blocks sodium/potassium/chloride pump
Increases excretion of
SODIUM
CHLORIDE and
POTASSIUM – exchange with sodium in collecting duct
which types of diuretics are known as the most powerful and give an example
Loop diuretics
Furosemide
What are the side effects of Loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia (low potassium): confusion, dizziness, arrythmias (care with digoxin). Hypocalcemia (low calcium): tiredness, lethargy, muscle fatigue Hyperuricemia (high uric acid): gout Hyperglycemia (high sugar) diabetes Deafness (very high doses IM, IV dosing) 8th cranial nerve damage
Caution with pregnancy and breastfeeding
