Drugs - Resp

Question 1

Salbutamol/Terbutaline

Answer 1

Short acting B2 agonist

Induces bronchial dilation

Uses: Acute asthma exacerbations, COPD

ADRs:Tremor, anxiety, haedache, muscle cramps, palpitations

Question 2

Salmeterol/Formeterol

Answer 2

Long acting B2 agonist

Induces bronchial dilation (for a more extended period of time, duh)

Uses: as a part of poly therapy treatment for asthma (control or acute exacerbation) or COPD maintenance

ADRs: Dizziness, sinus infection, migranes

Question 3

Ipratropium Bromide

Answer 3

Muscarinic Ach antagonist

Reduces contractility of lung smooth muscle

Uses: treat COPD and minor to moderate bronchial Asthma. Often combined with salbutamol

ADRs: Dry mouth, cough, inflammation of airways, worsening airway spasms

Question 4

Theophylline

Answer 4

Methylxanthine

Competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibiting leukothriene synthesis and airway inflammation. It is also a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, leading to relaxation on bronchi via a G protein dependent mechanism

Uses: COPD, asthma

ADRs: Increased HR, dysarrhythmia, dizziness, seizure

Question 5

Beclomethasone

Answer 5

Corticosteroid

Glucocorticoid receptor agonist, leading to lower expression of genes responsible for regulation prostaglandins and leukotrienes, hence reducing airway inflammation

Uses: Long term asthma management, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps

ADRs: Cough, oral candadiasis, pain, headache

Question 6

Budenoside

Answer 6

Corticosteroid

Depresses synthesis of leukotrienes and PGs, migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts and reverses capillary permeability in inflammation

Uses: Asthma, COPD, UC and Crohns

ADRs: Resp infections, cough, headachetired, vomitting, cataracts, adrenal insufficiency

Question 7

Prednisolone

Answer 7

Corticosteroid

Binds to intracellular glucocorticoid response elements to decrease transcription of genes producing pro-inflammatory molecules

Uses: Liver failure, asthma, range of autoimmune conditions (UC, Crohns, Rheum arthritis, vasculitis etc)

ADRs: Increased appetite, weight gain, nausea, malaise, risk of infection, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, convulsions, headaches

Question 8

Montelukast

Answer 8

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

CysLT1 antagonist, blocking the action of Leukotriene D4 in the lungs and bronchial walls, reducing inflammation and bronchial constriction

Uses: Maintenance of asthma (not acute)

ADRs: hypersensitivity, headaches, drowsiness

Question 9

Oxygen

Answer 9

It’s Oxygen
Lets your cells respire yo, cells love that
Uses: Life on earth, when your lungs aren’t being so chill
ADRs: None, it’s totally baller