Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - 2nd Semester > Drugs - pharm > Flashcards

Drugs - pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anticoagulant drugs for haematology?

A
  • Heparin
  • Warfarin
  • DOAC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the antiplatlets drugs for haematology?

A
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel/prasugel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Aspirin work?

A

Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, reducing thromboxane A2 production, which is a platelet agonist released on activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?

A

(1) Bleeding: Affects platelet function for 7–10 days, stop 7 days before elective operations, reverse with platelet transfusion if needed

(2) Blocks prostaglandin production: Can cause GI ulceration and bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Aspirin administered?

A

PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do Clopidogrel and Prasugrel work?

A

ADP receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the adverse effects of Clopidogrel and Prasugrel?

A

Bleeding: Same considerations as Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are Clopidogrel and Prasugrel administered?

A

PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Dipyridamole work?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor: Increases cAMP, inhibiting platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Dipyridamole?

A

Bleeding - same as aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is Dipyridamole administered?

A

PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main indications for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (e.g., abciximab)?

A

Anti-platelet agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors work?

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the adverse effects of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors?

A

bleeding - same as aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors administered?

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Heparin work?

A

Potentiates antithrombin (immediate effect)

Two forms: Unfractionated or low molecular weight (LMWH)

17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Heparin?

A

Bleeding

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) – monitor FBC

Osteoporosis with long-term use

18
Q

How can Heparin be reversed?

A

Stop Heparin (short half-life)

Protamine sulfate reverses the antithrombin effect (complete for unfractionated, partial for LMWH)

19
Q

How is Heparin administered?

A

IV or SC

20
Q

How does Warfarin work?

A

Inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X, protein C, and protein S)

21
Q

Why is INR important for Warfarin therapy?

A

INR standardizes prothrombin time reporting, correcting for thromboplastin reagent sensitivity differences

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of Warfarin?

A

Major risk: Haemorrhage

Mild bleeding: Skin bruising, epistaxis, haematuria

Severe bleeding: Gastrointestinal, intracerebral, significant Hb drop

23
Q

How can Warfarin be reversed?

A

(1) No action for minor elevation
(2) Omit dose
(3) Administer oral vitamin K (6-hour effect) or clotting factors (immediate effect)

24
Q

How is Warfarin administered?

A

PO, same time daily (6 pm recommended)

25
Q

What are the main indications for DOACs?

A

(1) Prophylaxis in elective hip and knee replacement
(2) Treatment of DVT/PE
(3) Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

26
Q

How do DOACs work?

A

(1) Direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran)

(2) Direct activated factor X inhibitors (e.g., edoxaban, rivaroxaban, apixaban)

27
Q

What are the advantages of DOACs over Warfarin?

A

No monitoring required
Fewer drug interactions

28
Q

How are DOACs administered?

A

PO

29
Q

At what INR level is surgery considered safe?

A

INR < 1.5

30
Q

How is an INR of 5.0–8.0 with no bleeding managed?

A

Withhold 1-2 doses of Warfarin, reduce subsequent dose

31
Q

How is an INR of 5.0–8.0 with minor bleeding managed?

A

Stop Warfarin, give vitamin K1 (IV), restart when INR < 5.0

32
Q

How is an INR > 8.0 with no bleeding managed?

A

Stop Warfarin, give vitamin K1 (oral), restart when INR < 5.0

33
Q

How is an INR > 8.0 with minor bleeding managed?

A

Stop Warfarin, give vitamin K1 (IV), restart when INR < 5.0

34
Q

How is major bleeding in a patient on Warfarin managed?

A

Stop Warfarin, give vitamin K1 (IV), and administer prothrombin complex or FFP

Year 2 - 2nd Semester (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions