Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - 2nd Semester > Transfusions - Other stuff > Flashcards

Transfusions - Other stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum haemoglobin level for blood donation?

A

135 g/L for men, 125 g/L for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the minimum weight for blood donation?

A

50Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long can red cells, FFP, and platelets be stored?

A

(1) Red cells: 4℃ for 35 days.
(2) FFP: -30℃ for 3 years.
(3) Platelets: 22℃ for 7 days with agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What blood group is the universal donor for red cells?

A

O- negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What blood group is the universal recipient of red cells?

A

AB-positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What chromosome is the ABO gene located on?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which ABO alleles are dominant?

A

A and B are dominant over O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of the population is RhD-positive?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What antibody is associated with RhD sensitisation?

A

Anti-D antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is used to test for patient antibodies during pre-transfusion testing?

A

Reagent red cells and anti-human globulin (AHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Hb threshold for red cell transfusion in symptomatic anaemia?

A

Hb <70 g/L or <80 g/L if cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is FFP transfusion indicated?

A

Bleeding or surgery in coagulopathy (PT ratio >1.5), and management of massive hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should observations be performed during a transfusion?

A

Before starting, at 15 minutes, and within 60 minutes of completion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Donor
(1) A+
(2) A-
Can you donate to whom and receive blood from whom?

A

(1) Donate - A+, AB+
Receive - A+, A-, O+, O-

(2) Donate - A+, A-, AB+, AB-
Receive - A-, O-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Donor
(1) B+
(2) B-
Can you donate to whom and receive blood from whom?

A

(1) Donate - B+, AB+
Receive - B+, B-, O+, O-

(2) Donate - B+, B-, AB+, AB-
Receive - B-, O-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Donor
(1) AB+
(2) AB-
Can you donate to whom and receive blood from whom?

A

(1) Donate - AB+
Receive - All Blood types

(2) Donate - AB+, AB-
Receive - AB-, A-, B-, O-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Donor
(1) O+
(2) O-
Can you donate to whom and receive blood from whom?

A

(1) Donate - A+, B+, AB+, O+
Receive - O+, O-

(2) Donate - All Blood Types
Receive - O-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define Landsteiner’s law

A

Landsteiner’s law states that an antibody will specifically target and bind to an antigen that caused its production in the first place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

IgM antibody binding, complement activation → lysis of transfused cells + cytokine release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name three complications of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

(1) Shock,
(2) DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
(3) Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of antibody is involved in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes minor allergic transfusion reactions?

A

Reaction to foreign plasma proteins

23
Q

What deficiency predisposes patients to anaphylaxis during transfusion?

A

IgA deficiency

24
Q

What are the clinical features of TACO? (Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload)

A

Hypertension and pulmonary oedema

25
Q

Who is at higher risk for TACO?

A

Elderly patients and those with cardiac failure

26
Q

How is TACO managed?

A

Slow the transfusion, give furosemide and supplementary oxygen as needed

manage fluid overload

27
Q

What are the clinical features of TRALI? (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury)

A

Pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray and hypotension

28
Q

Which transfusion products are most associated with TRALI?

A

FFP and platelets

29
Q

How fast should you transfuse patients with known heart failure?

A

Transfuse slowly (each unit over 4-6 hours)

30
Q

What should you do if a patient develops fluid overload during a blood transfusion?

A

Stop the transfusion, and administer furosemide 40 mg IV (repeat as necessary)

31
Q

What are the features of a haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Patients present with a temperature > 40, signs of shock, chest/abdominal pain and agitation

32
Q

What are the features of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

The patient presents with jaundice, anaemia, and fever often on day 5 post-transfusion

33
Q

What are the features of febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

Patients present with a temperature (typically <40’C), but are otherwise well.

34
Q

Describe a mild-severity transfusion reaction

A

temperature <39 celsius and/or isolated rash

35
Q

Describe a moderate-severity transfusion reaction

A

temperature >39 Celsius and symptoms other than isolated rash

36
Q

Describe a severe severity transfusion reaction

A

(1) signs of haemodynamic compromise
(2) recognition that a patient has received the wrong blood product

37
Q

What plasma blood group can be universally donated? and why?

A

Group AB plasma

= can be universally donated due to a lack of anti-A or anti-B antibodies. The lack of antibodies in the plasma prevents an immune reaction from occurring

38
Q

Describe what is and what to do in a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction - mild reaction

A

(1) A temperature rise of 1 - 2°C leading to pyrexia ≥38°C, but <39°C

(2) And/or pruritus or a rash
WITHOUT other features

(3) The transfusion can be continued with appropriate treatment (oral paracetamol 500 - 1000mg) and direct observation.

(4) If a rash/pruritis is also present, slow the transfusion)

39
Q

Describe what is and what to do in a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction - moderate reaction

A

(1) Temperature ≥39°C OR a rise of ≥2°C from baseline

(2) AND/OR systemic symptoms such as chills, rigours, myalgia, nausea or vomiting)

(3) Symptomatic treatment should be considered. If symptoms settle, the transfusion can be resumed. If symptoms are sustained, bacterial contamination or a haemolytic reaction should be considered

40
Q

Management transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

Stop the transfusion, give saline, treat ARDS and give supplementary oxygen as needed

41
Q

An 85-year-old male presents to the transfusion unit for a blood transfusion. He has been prescribed packed red cells. The nurse administering the transfusion sites two cannulas and sets up the unit. On returning to the patient she notes his temperature has risen from 37.0 to 38.5 Celsius and he is feeling very anxious. She stops the transfusion and ensures patient details match the blood product compatibility label.

What is the best next step in managing this patient?

A

Administer 500mg paracetamol and continue the transfusion

= mild severity

42
Q

What is the normal lifespan of

(1) RBC
(2) platelets
(3) Neutrophils

A

RBCs, 90–120 days
platelets, 10 days
neutrophils, 4 days

43
Q

A patient with blood group B presents to the Emergency Department with large amounts of blood loss and requires an urgent blood transfusion.

Why would group AB red cells be unsuitable?

A

The presence of anti-A antibodies in the patient’s plasma

44
Q

Slow the transfusion and administer 10 mg intravenous chlorphenamine

When would this be right?

A

This is the appropriate management for an allergic reaction to a transfusion. This typically presents with urticaria and itching within minutes of starting the transfusion

45
Q

A 70-year-old man is receiving a blood transfusion for chronic anaemia. Around 5 hours after the transfusion, he develops dyspnoea and a cough. A chest x-ray is ordered which shows evidence of a ‘white out’ on his chest x-ray. There is limited response to IV diuretics.

What blood transfusion reaction is most likely to be occurring in this patient?

A

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

46
Q

A 70-year-old female is receiving a blood transfusion in hospital for chronic anaemia. A few minutes into the transfusion, she becomes agitated and reports chest pain. She has a rapid increase in temperature up to 38.5°C, and her blood pressure drops to 94/64mmHg, but her oxygen saturation remains stable at 98%.

She can maintain a conversation. On auscultation, her chest is clear.
What blood transfusion reaction is most likely occurring in this patient? and why?

A

Acute haemolytic reaction

47
Q

When would starting broad-spectrum antibiotics be appropriate?

A

The patient had signs of infection due to bacterial contamination of blood products. This is very uncommon and the patient would likely appear much more unwell, for example, have a fever, tachycardia, hypotension and rigours

48
Q

A 78-year-old man with known alcoholic liver disease presents to the emergency department with haematemesis. He is found to be severely anaemic and is quickly started on a RBC transfusion. When his observations are rechecked later, his temperature is found to have risen from 36.7˚C to 37.9˚C. His other observations are stable and the patient has no new symptoms

What is the above reaction describing?

A

non-haemolytic febrile reaction

49
Q

Acute haemolytic reaction symptoms

A

(1) fever
(2) chills
(3) hypotension
(4) tachycardia
(5) chest and/or back pain
(6) dyspnea
(7) haemoglobinuria

50
Q

A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department after collapsing earlier that day. He is found to be severely anaemic and is started on a RBC transfusion. Three minutes after the transfusion starts, he develops pain in his abdomen and back. He appears flushed, and restless and has noticeable rigours. His observations are repeated and show a new fever along with worsening hypotension and tachycardia.

What would be the underlying cause for the above presentation

A

ABO incompatibility

51
Q

What are donor group A antibodies present in plasma?

A

Anti B

52
Q

What are donor group B antibodies present in plasma?

A

Anti A

53
Q

What are donor group AB antibodies present in plasma?

A

Neither

54
Q

What are donor group O antibodies present in plasma?

A

Anti A + Anti B

Year 2 - 2nd Semester (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions