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Psyc Test 1 > Drugs Of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

How to get addicted?

A

Operant conditioning

  • positive reinforcement
  • removal of noxious experience
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2
Q

Huger/withdrawal

A

Deficit state

Want to rellieve

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3
Q

Craving =

A

Incentive salience

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4
Q

NTs related in reward

A

Dopamine + opioids

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5
Q

Hedonic regulation

A

Regulation of reward

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6
Q

Uppers go to

A

Nucleus Accumbens

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7
Q

Downers go to

A

Ventral tegmental area

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8
Q

Anticipation effect on NT

A

Dopamine increases with anticipation

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9
Q

What makes drug addictive?

A
  • genetics, temperament, psychopathology
  • route/bioavailability
  • onset time
  • elimination t1/2 = shorter=more addictive
  • administration schedule
  • mechanism of action
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10
Q

What sets up vulnerable phenotype?

A

Genetic

Early chaotic experiences

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11
Q

3 categories of addiction treatment

A

Use disorder
Intoxication
Withdrawal

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12
Q

Screening tools

A

CAGE

2+ = investigate addiction

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13
Q

Substance abuse S/s

Loss of control (4)

A
  • taken in larger amounts
  • Persistent desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down
  • Lot of time spent
  • Important activities given up
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14
Q

Substance abuse S/s

Adverse consequences (4)

A
  • peristent psyc/physical problems caused by drug
  • Peristent social /interpersonal problems
  • failure to fulfill major roles
  • physically hazardous situations
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15
Q

Subtance abuse s/s

Psyc dpendence (3)

A
  • tolerance
  • Withdrawal
  • cravings
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16
Q

Most commonly abused drugs

A
  • weed

* Rx

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17
Q

Who starts later but progresses faster

A

Females

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18
Q

Highest risk for addiction

A

Multi-ethnic
Native american
Pacific islanders

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19
Q

More common where?

A

Urban

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20
Q

Exceeds daily limits

2-3 symptoms

A

Mild

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21
Q

Exceeds daily limits

4-5 symptoms

A

Moderate

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22
Q

Exceeds limits daily or near

A

Exceeds limits daily or near daily

*6+ sys

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23
Q

Dependence + chornic relapsing/co-morbidity

A

Chronic dependence

24
Q

Nicotine

Mech

A

Nic agonist,

UP vasopressin, b-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol

25
Q

Nicotine

Intoxication

A

Relaxation, increased concentration, anorexia, increased BP

26
Q

Nicotine

Withdrawal

A

Begins one hour after last cigarette, peaks in 24 hours irritability

27
Q

Nicotine cessation

A

COMBO: Nic replace + pharmacotherapy

  • buproprion = down cravings
  • varenicline = down cravings + pleasurable activity
28
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

Tx

A

thiamine (give before glucose or induce Wernicke’s)

folic acid

Benzos - diazepam
Chlordiazopoxide

Hallucinaiton + anti-psyc

(Most use longer acting)
diazepam = shorter acting not damaging liver as much

Long term = still cognitive disfunction

29
Q

Alcohol use disorder

Tx

A
  • Acamprosate (best)
  • Naltrexone (no pleasure)
  • disulfam (sick)
30
Q

Caffeine

Mech

A

Dopamine

31
Q

Caffeine

Withdrawal

A

Headache, lethargy, irritability, depressed mood

32
Q

Opiates

Mech

A

Mu
Kappa
Delta

33
Q

Opiates

Withdrawals

A 
Dysphoria
Myalgias
Rhinorrhea
Diarrhea
Lacrimation
Dilated pupils
34
Q

Opiates

Adverse

A 
HIV
Hepatitis
Endocarditis
OD
Self neglect
35
Q

Opiate overdose

Tx

A

*Naxalone

36
Q

Opiate Addiction

Tx

A

Methadone (mu, w pregger)

  • Buprenorphine - partial ag (no pleasure - narcan, ceiling)
  • clonidine (watch hypoTN)
  • Naltrexone
37
Q

Stimulants

Mec

A

Coke = inhibit dopa reuptake

Amphetamines = up dopa release

38
Q

Stimulants

Withdrawal

A

Like Major depressive disorder

39
Q

Stimulants

Adverse effects

A

Necrosis soft tissues
Cyanosis
Cardio
Stroke

40
Q

Stimulants

Tx

A

Symptomatic + behavioral

41
Q

PCP

Mech

A

Nmda agonist

42
Q

Marijuana

Most used?

A

After cigs + alcohol

43
Q

PCP

Intoxication

A

Stored in fat cells, big people will last longer

RED DANES
Rage, erythema, dilated pupils, delusions, amnesia, nystagmus, excitation, skin dryness

44
Q

PCP

Withdrawal

A

Lack of energy + depression

45
Q

PCP

Treatment

A 
Wait
Coctail (halodol, ..., adivan)
46
Q

Marijuana danger

A

Can set off latent psyc issue

47
Q

PCP

Adverse effects

A

Memory loss
Liver function
Depression
Psychosis

48
Q

Ecstacy

Mech

A

Monoamine release

49
Q

Dilated pupils?

A

PCP

Cocaine

50
Q

Hallucinogens

Mech

A

Serotonin ag

51
Q

Hallucinogens

Effect

A

Pupil dilation
Synthesesia

Not addictive

52
Q

Ecstacy

Effects

A 
confused
Depressed
Paranoid
Chills
Dizzy
Nausea
53
Q

Cyanosis?

A

Amphetamine use

54
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

Which comes first?

Wernickes vs. Korsakoff

A

Wernickes

55
Q

Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy triad

56
Q

Amnesia
Confabulation
Hallucinations

A

Korsakoff Syndrome/psychosis

57
Q

Withdrawal for inhalants?

A

NOPE

Psyc Test 1 (7 decks)

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