Drugs of abuse

Question 1

use of a drug that is detrimental to the health/well being of the user, others or society

is called:

Answer 1

drug abuse

Question 2

what type of drugs typically cause addiction, tolerance, and dependence?

Answer 2

euphoric drugs that release dopamine (2-10x normal amount)

Question 3

effect of long term release of dopamine on receptors?

Answer 3

down regulation (you get less high aka tolerance)

why you need to increase dose

Question 4

not getting the desired effect from the same dosage

is called:

Answer 4

tolerance

Question 5

The dose of the drug needs to progressively increased over time to maintain drug effects.

is called:

Answer 5

tolerance

Question 6

when someone feels compelled to repeatedly administer a drug to avoid physical discomfort or withdrawal

is called:

Answer 6

physical dependence

Question 7

when drugs are repeatedly administered for stimulation for pleasure or to escape reality

is called:

Answer 7

psychological dependence

Question 8

physical dependence is considered ___ reinforcement

Answer 8

physical dependence is considered negative reinforcement

Question 9

psychological dependence is considered ___ reinforcement

Answer 9

psychological dependence is considered positive reinforcement

Question 10

examples of drugs that cause tolerance but not addiction?

Answer 10

antidepressants
brochodilators
alpha adrenergic agonist
nitrates

Question 11

____ is the physical signs that occur when the drug is stopped & is the hallmark of _____

Answer 11

Withdrawal is the physical signs that occur when the drug is stopped & is the hallmark of dependence

Question 12

continuously preoccupied with drug procurement and use and neglects responsibilities and relationships

is called:

Answer 12

addiction

Question 13

what is the hallmark of addiction?

Answer 13

relapse

Question 14

what triggers relapse?

Answer 14

exposure to drug
stress
context that recalls prior drug use

Question 15

drugs that do not cause addiction (alter perception w/o reward) affect what areas of the brain?

Answer 15

cortical and thalamic circuits

Question 16

drugs that cause addiction (euphoria and reward) affect what areas of the brain?

Answer 16

mesolimbic system

Question 17

what does the cortical brain control?

Answer 17

memory
attention
language
conciousness

Question 18

what does the thalamic brain control?

Answer 18

conciousness

sleep regulation

Question 19

risk of addiction to opioids?

Answer 19

5/5

Question 20

most abused opioids?

Answer 20

morphine
heroine
codeine
oxycodone (less because PO)

Question 21

Opioid withdrawl Sx?

Answer 21

autonomic (N, V, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, mydriasis, goose bumps, sweating, diarrhea)
CNS arousal: irritable, yawning, anxiety, restless, sleep disturbances

Question 22

Opioid abuse tx

Answer 22

OD/acute: naloxone

withdrawl: methadone or buprenorphine

Question 23

is addiction common with benzos/barbituates?

Answer 23

no, but dependence is common

Question 24

MOA of GHB

Answer 24

binds to GABA B receptor

Question 25

effects of GHB

Answer 25

euphoria
enhanced sensation
social closeness
drowsiness
decreased anxiety
memory loss

high dose: sedation/coma

Question 26

script GHB?

Answer 26

xyrem for narcolepsy CIII

Question 27

withdrawal of GHB?

Answer 27

anxiety, sweating, insomnia, tremors*

Question 28

what NT do amphetamines increases?

Answer 28

NE and Dopamine

Question 29

effects of amphetamines?

Answer 29

euphoria
increased arousal
decreased fatigue
abnormal movements
psychosis

high doses: tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased BP (stroke)

Question 30

withdrawl from amphetamines?

Answer 30

depression*
fatigue
drowsiness*
increased appetite*
irritability

Question 31

MDMA (a type of amphetamine) effects what NT

Answer 31

serotonin

Question 32

effects of MDMA?

Answer 32

increases intimacy
emotional warming
increased awareness
empathy
good cognition

Question 33

toxic effects of MDMA?

Answer 33

hyperthermia
serotonin syndrome
seizures

death from hyperthermia/dehydration

Question 34

withdrawal from MDMA?

Answer 34

aggression

depression

Question 35

cocaine works on what NT?

Answer 35

dopamine
NE
serotonin

Question 36

effects of cocaine?

Answer 36

increased BP
tachycardia
arrhythmias
decreased appetite
hyperactive
increased body temp (due to vasoconstriction)*
paranoid*
insomnia

Question 37

risk of use of cocaine?

Answer 37

ICH
ischemic stroke
MI
seizures

Question 38

how addictive is cocaine?

Answer 38

5/5

Question 39

withdrawal Sx of cocaine?

Answer 39

depression
tiredness
increased appetite
insomnia
slow thinking

Question 40

Tx of cocaine OD?

Answer 40

symptomatic

Question 41

drug with greatest # of people addicted?

Answer 41

nicotine

Question 42

MOA of varenicline?

Answer 42

Partial agonist of nicotine receptor, decreases withdrawal & blocks nicotine effects from smoking.

Question 43

BBW for varenicline?

Answer 43

change in mood
depression
suicide
suicidal ideations

Question 44

MOA of THC?

Answer 44

presynaptic inhibition of GABA

Question 45

hallucinogens cause:

Answer 45

dizziness, nausea, paraesthesias, insomnia, loss of appetite, increase blood pressure**, and blurred vision

Question 46

Effects Ketamine & PCP

Answer 46

Effects Ketamine & PCP
Low doses: increased BP, impaired memory & visual changes
High doses: out of body experiences & near death experiences.
They are dissociative anesthetics: dissociated from body & feel no pain. Can lead to violent, aggressive or suicidal behavior
long lasting psychosis

Question 47

antagonist for benzo OD

Answer 47

flumazenil

Question 48

withdrawl Tx for opioids

Answer 48

clonidine blocks SNS output 
3rd line (after tapering and therapy)