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Drugs of Abuse 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe marijuana (pot, weed, grass)

A

Greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds and flower of Cannabis sativa (users smoke in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints)

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2
Q

What is a weed combo?

A
  • weed plus coke
  • weed plus bevs
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3
Q

How does weed suppress pain perception?

A

CB receptor 1 & 2

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4
Q

_______ use leads to tachycardia and conjunctival congestion or red conjunctiva

A

Marijuana

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5
Q

Acute effects of marijuana (3)

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Bronchial dilation
  3. Blood vessels in the eyes dilate → red conjunctiva
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6
Q

Effects of chronic use of marijuana

A
  1. Burning, stinging of the mouth and throat (often accompanied by a cough)
  2. Frequent acute chest illnesses & infections
  3. Obstructed airways
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7
Q

_____ produce rapid emotional swings, the perception of images, sounds, and sensations that do not exist.

A

Hallucinogens

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8
Q

Three examples of hallucinogens

A
  1. LSD
  2. Mescaline
  3. Psilocybin
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9
Q

Mechanism of action hallucinogens

A

Stimulate presynaptic and post synaptic serotonin receptors

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10
Q

What is the most potent hallucinogenic drug?

A

LSD

(clear, white, odorless water-soluble; man-made; similar to ergot alkaloids)

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11
Q

How is LSD most commonly sold?

A

postage stamp size paper impregnated with a dose of LSD

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12
Q

Which drug causes horizontal and vertical nystagmus?

A

PCP

(it will make it difficult to hold the patient down)

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13
Q

LSD is rapidly absorbed and effects begin at _____ (how long after ingestion). Peaking at _____.

A
  • 40-60 minutes (25 µg)
  • 2-4 hours

(gradually returning to baseline over 6-8 hours)

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14
Q

At doses of _____, LSD produces perceptual distortions, hallucinations, mood changes (elation, paranoia and depression), intense arousal, and (sometimes) panic.

A

100 mg

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15
Q

Physical effects of LSD (6)?

A
  1. Pupillary dilation
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Flushing
  5. Salivation, lacrimation and hyperreflexia
  6. Visual effects are prominent; color seems more intense and shapes may appear altered
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16
Q

Dissociative agents distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feeling of being “out of body” and detached from environment. What are 3 commonly used dissociatvie agents?

A
  1. Phencyclidine (PCP)
  2. Ketamine
  3. Dextromethorphan (cough suppressant; high doses → like PCP)
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17
Q

White crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol that blocks NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the cortex & limbic structures.

A

PCP (snorted, smoked or ingested)

(Memory loss and depression may persist for as long as a year after a chronic user stop taking PCP)

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18
Q

Meth or Crystal meth MOA

A
  • Dopaminergic and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor.
  • Euphoria and excitement occurs via stimulation of mesolimbic reward pathway
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19
Q

Methamphetamine is taken orally, IV or smoked in form referred to as “ice”. Short-term repeated administration (“spree”) causes ______ (4).

A
  1. Intense euphoria (“rush”)
  2. Increases alertness, self-confidence and ability to concentrate
  3. Increase in sexual urge
  4. Decreased appetite
20
Q

Chronic use of methamphetamine will lead to drug craving, weight loss, _______ (5).

A
  1. Tooth decay
  2. Neurotoxicity
  3. Paranoia
  4. Hallucinations
  5. Depression
21
Q

What is the tablet form of methamphetamine?

A

Ecstasy (aka MDMA)

(3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

22
Q

Acute effects of ecstasy / MDMA

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Jaw clenching
  4. Muscle aches

(higher doses effects include visual hallucinations, hyperthermia and panic attacks)

23
Q

High doses of ecstasy/MDMA can interfere with which process?

A
  • Thermal regulation

(This can lead to liver kidney and cardiovascular failure)

24
Q

Opiates mechanism of action

A

Stimulation of mu receptors → decreased pain reception, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression

25
What is oxycontin?
Extended release of opiates (patients open the capsule and put it into alcohol→OD)
26
Opiate withdrawal symptoms (5)
1. Autonomic hyperexcitability 2. Muscle spasms 3. Lacrimation 4. Tremor 5. Diarrhea (peaks at 48-72 h. after discontinuation or by precipitated withdrawal: administration of opioid antagonist)
27
What are the treatment options for opiate abuse (3)?
1. Methadone: short-term detox (30 days; long-term 180 days) 2. Buprenorphine (subutex): initial tx 3. Buprenorphine + Naloxone (Suboxone): maintenance
28
What is the date rape drug?
Flunitrazepam (BZD) | (duration 8 hours, anterograde amnesia)
29
BZD side effects:
1. hypotension 2. memory impairment 3. dizziness 4. GI irritation (withdrawal may cause delayed-hallucinations and seizures)
30
BZD intoxication managed with \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Flumazenil (withdrawal may include hallucination & seizures)
31
Withdrawal/Detoxification of BZD is treated with _______ (2).
chlordiazepoxide or lorazepam tapered over 5-7days.
32
BZD abstinence symptoms:
1. anxiety 2. insomnia 3. irritability (May persist for several weeks)
33
Cocaine and amphetamines will block dopamine reuptake in the\_\_\_\_\_.
Nucleus accumbens
34
Opioids, nicotine and alcohol block dopaminergic neurons in the ________ .
VTA
35
Which drugs of abuse have no withdrawal symptoms?
LSD and PCP
36
Intoxication by caffeine, ______ (3) is only treated with supportive care (there is no specific treatment).
1. Amphetamines 2. Cocaine 3. Marijuana
37
Which two drugs of abuse are treated with clonidine, Lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide or disulfiram?
* Alcohol * Barbiturates
38
Nicotine is treated with bupropion or \_\_\_\_\_
Clonidine
39
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (drug of abuse) is treated with naloxone, methadone or Clonidine.
Opioids
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (drug of abuse) is treated with life support, diazepam, haloperidol.
PCP
41
Withdrawal from which drugs of abuse cause anxiety, seizures, hypertension, and irritability (2)?
1. Barbiturates 2. Benzodiazepines
42
Withdrawal from opioids causes which symptoms?
1. Dysphoria 2. Nausea 3. Diarrhea
43
Withdrawal from marijuana causes which symptoms?
1. Irritability 2. Nausea
44
Withdrawal from nicotine causes which symptoms?
1. Anxiety 2. Dysphoria 3. Increased appetite
45
Withdrawal from opioids causes which symptoms?
1. Dysphoria 2. Nausea 3. Diarrhea
46
Which two drugs of abuse cause withdrawal symptoms of dysphoria and fatigue?
1. Cocaine 2. Amphetamines
47
What are the primary differences between Meth & Cocaine?
Meth: non-medical use, man-made, 50% of drug remains after 12 hours

Behavioral Medicine (35 decks)

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