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Behavioral Medicine > Drugs of Abuse 2 > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe marijuana (pot, weed, grass)

A

Greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds and flower of Cannabis sativa (users smoke in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints)

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2
Q

What is a weed combo?

A
  • weed plus coke
  • weed plus bevs
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3
Q

How does weed suppress pain perception?

A

CB receptor 1 & 2

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4
Q

_______ use leads to tachycardia and conjunctival congestion or red conjunctiva

A

Marijuana

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5
Q

Acute effects of marijuana (3)

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Bronchial dilation
  3. Blood vessels in the eyes dilate → red conjunctiva
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6
Q

Effects of chronic use of marijuana

A
  1. Burning, stinging of the mouth and throat (often accompanied by a cough)
  2. Frequent acute chest illnesses & infections
  3. Obstructed airways
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7
Q

_____ produce rapid emotional swings, the perception of images, sounds, and sensations that do not exist.

A

Hallucinogens

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8
Q

Three examples of hallucinogens

A
  1. LSD
  2. Mescaline
  3. Psilocybin
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9
Q

Mechanism of action hallucinogens

A

Stimulate presynaptic and post synaptic serotonin receptors

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10
Q

What is the most potent hallucinogenic drug?

A

LSD

(clear, white, odorless water-soluble; man-made; similar to ergot alkaloids)

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11
Q

How is LSD most commonly sold?

A

postage stamp size paper impregnated with a dose of LSD

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12
Q

Which drug causes horizontal and vertical nystagmus?

A

PCP

(it will make it difficult to hold the patient down)

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13
Q

LSD is rapidly absorbed and effects begin at _____ (how long after ingestion). Peaking at _____.

A
  • 40-60 minutes (25 µg)
  • 2-4 hours

(gradually returning to baseline over 6-8 hours)

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14
Q

At doses of _____, LSD produces perceptual distortions, hallucinations, mood changes (elation, paranoia and depression), intense arousal, and (sometimes) panic.

A

100 mg

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15
Q

Physical effects of LSD (6)?

A
  1. Pupillary dilation
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Flushing
  5. Salivation, lacrimation and hyperreflexia
  6. Visual effects are prominent; color seems more intense and shapes may appear altered
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16
Q

Dissociative agents distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feeling of being “out of body” and detached from environment. What are 3 commonly used dissociatvie agents?

A
  1. Phencyclidine (PCP)
  2. Ketamine
  3. Dextromethorphan (cough suppressant; high doses → like PCP)
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17
Q

White crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol that blocks NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the cortex & limbic structures.

A

PCP (snorted, smoked or ingested)

(Memory loss and depression may persist for as long as a year after a chronic user stop taking PCP)

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18
Q

Meth or Crystal meth MOA

A
  • Dopaminergic and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor.
  • Euphoria and excitement occurs via stimulation of mesolimbic reward pathway
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19
Q

Methamphetamine is taken orally, IV or smoked in form referred to as “ice”. Short-term repeated administration (“spree”) causes ______ (4).

A
  1. Intense euphoria (“rush”)
  2. Increases alertness, self-confidence and ability to concentrate
  3. Increase in sexual urge
  4. Decreased appetite
20
Q

Chronic use of methamphetamine will lead to drug craving, weight loss, _______ (5).

A
  1. Tooth decay
  2. Neurotoxicity
  3. Paranoia
  4. Hallucinations
  5. Depression
21
Q

What is the tablet form of methamphetamine?

A

Ecstasy (aka MDMA)

(3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

22
Q

Acute effects of ecstasy / MDMA

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Jaw clenching
  4. Muscle aches

(higher doses effects include visual hallucinations, hyperthermia and panic attacks)

23
Q

High doses of ecstasy/MDMA can interfere with which process?

A
  • Thermal regulation

(This can lead to liver kidney and cardiovascular failure)

24
Q

Opiates mechanism of action

A

Stimulation of mu receptors → decreased pain reception, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression

25
Q

What is oxycontin?

A

Extended release of opiates

(patients open the capsule and put it into alcohol→OD)

26
Q

Opiate withdrawal symptoms (5)

A
  1. Autonomic hyperexcitability
  2. Muscle spasms
  3. Lacrimation
  4. Tremor
  5. Diarrhea

(peaks at 48-72 h. after discontinuation or by precipitated withdrawal: administration of opioid antagonist)

27
Q

What are the treatment options for opiate abuse (3)?

A
  1. Methadone: short-term detox (30 days; long-term 180 days)
  2. Buprenorphine (subutex): initial tx
  3. Buprenorphine + Naloxone (Suboxone): maintenance
28
Q

What is the date rape drug?

A

Flunitrazepam (BZD)

(duration 8 hours, anterograde amnesia)

29
Q

BZD side effects:

A
  1. hypotension
  2. memory impairment
  3. dizziness
  4. GI irritation

(withdrawal may cause delayed-hallucinations and seizures)

30
Q

BZD intoxication managed with ______.

A

Flumazenil

(withdrawal may include hallucination & seizures)

31
Q

Withdrawal/Detoxification of BZD is treated with _______ (2).

A

chlordiazepoxide or lorazepam tapered over 5-7days.

32
Q

BZD abstinence symptoms:

A
  1. anxiety
  2. insomnia
  3. irritability

(May persist for several weeks)

33
Q

Cocaine and amphetamines will block dopamine reuptake in the_____.

A

Nucleus accumbens

34
Q

Opioids, nicotine and alcohol block dopaminergic neurons in the ________ .

A

VTA

35
Q

Which drugs of abuse have no withdrawal symptoms?

A

LSD and PCP

36
Q

Intoxication by caffeine, ______ (3) is only treated with supportive care (there is no specific treatment).

A
  1. Amphetamines
  2. Cocaine
  3. Marijuana
37
Q

Which two drugs of abuse are treated with clonidine, Lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide or disulfiram?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Barbiturates
38
Q

Nicotine is treated with bupropion or _____

A

Clonidine

39
Q

_______ (drug of abuse) is treated with naloxone, methadone or Clonidine.

A

Opioids

40
Q

_______ (drug of abuse) is treated with life support, diazepam, haloperidol.

A

PCP

41
Q

Withdrawal from which drugs of abuse cause anxiety, seizures, hypertension, and irritability (2)?

A
  1. Barbiturates
  2. Benzodiazepines
42
Q

Withdrawal from opioids causes which symptoms?

A
  1. Dysphoria
  2. Nausea
  3. Diarrhea
43
Q

Withdrawal from marijuana causes which symptoms?

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Nausea
44
Q

Withdrawal from nicotine causes which symptoms?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Dysphoria
  3. Increased appetite
45
Q

Withdrawal from opioids causes which symptoms?

A
  1. Dysphoria
  2. Nausea
  3. Diarrhea
46
Q

Which two drugs of abuse cause withdrawal symptoms of dysphoria and fatigue?

A
  1. Cocaine
  2. Amphetamines
47
Q

What are the primary differences between Meth & Cocaine?

A

Meth: non-medical use, man-made, 50% of drug remains after 12 hours

Behavioral Medicine (35 decks)

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