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Pharmacology Test 4 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of tolerance?

A

metabolic, functional, behavioral

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2
Q

what does functional tolerance lead to?

A

physical dependence

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3
Q

what are the two types of dependence?

A

psychological, physical

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of drugs of abuse?

A

no one mech. many increase effects of dopamine in a “reward circuit”

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5
Q

What are the opioids (4)?

A

heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine

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6
Q

How do the opioids work?

A

increase mu receptor (endorphin)

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7
Q

What are the sympathomimetics (4)?

A

amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, caffeine (espresso)

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8
Q

what do amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine do?

A

increase catecholamine transmission

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9
Q

what about caffeine?

A

decrease adenosine (increase cAMP, increase calcium)

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10
Q

What are the depressants (3)?

A

ethanol, pentobarbital, diazepam

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11
Q

What about the depressants?

A

increase GABA

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12
Q

What are the nicotine drugs? what about them?

A

tobacco products. acetylcholine (CNS pre-synaptic?)

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13
Q

What are the psychedelics (4)?

A

LSD, mescaline, PCP (phencyclidine), ketamine

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14
Q

What do LSD and mescaline do?

A

decrease serotonin transmission

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15
Q

What do PCP and ketamine do?

A

sigma receptors? decrease NMDA

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16
Q

What are the inhalants (3)?

A

nitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite

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17
Q

how do the inhalants work?

A

GABA??

18
Q

What is the designer drug? how does it work?

A

MDMA = ecstasy. alters serotonin, catecholamines

19
Q

Cannabinoids?

A

THC = marijuana, cannabinoid ligands

20
Q

What are the effects of amphetamine and cocaine (5)?

A

euphoria, anorexia, insomnia, increased motor activity, reduced feeling of fatique

21
Q

How do amphetamine and cocaine work?

A

interact with reuptake systems for DA, NE, and 5-HT

22
Q

Which reuptake system is responsible for the reinforcing qualities of amphetamine and cocaine?

A

the DA system

23
Q

Which reuptake system is responsible for the euphoric effects of amphetamine and cocaine?

A

the NE system

24
Q

Why does amphetamine have additional effects? what are they?

A

causes release of DA from cytoplasm into the synapse. larger increase in extracellular DA and increased motor and psychotic effects. also more sustained duration of effect

25
Q

abuse potential for amphetamine and cocaine?

A

very great

26
Q

toxicity of amphetamine and cocaine?

A

arhrythmias and convulsions

27
Q

what’s the toxicity of opioids? treat with __?

A

coma: Naloxone

28
Q

toxicity of sympathomimetics (amphetamine and cocaine)? treat with___?

A

sympathetic storm, seizures and stroke (cocaine). amphetamine: sedate with Haloperidol, cocaine: propranolol, diazepam, or Ca channel blockers

29
Q

toxicity of general depressants? how to tx?

A

coma, respiratory failure. tx with mechanical ventiliation, positive inotropic drug:dopamine, hemodialysis or hemoperfusion

30
Q

nicotine toxicity?

A

none

31
Q

cannabinoids toxicity?

A

none

32
Q

psychedelics and diliriant hallucinogens toxicity? tx?

A

anxiety, psychosis. tx with support, Physostigmine may be used after Scopolamine

33
Q

phencyclidine toxicity? tx? what’s contraindicated in acute toxicity?

A

seizures. suction if secreted into stomach, acidify urine, Diazepam for seizures. ANTIPSYCHOTICS are CONTRAINDICATED in acute toxicity (possible synergy of serious side effects).

34
Q

inhalants toxicity? tx?

A

asphyxiation arrhythmias. mechanical ventilation and antiarrhythmics

35
Q

opioid withdrawal? tx?

A

withdrawal syndrome: runny nose, tearing, gooseflesh, spasms, muscle aches, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, vomiting, diarrhea, hostility, anxiety. tx with low levels of long acting drug (Methadone)

36
Q

sympathomimetics withdrawal? tx?

A

nothing has proven value

37
Q

general depressants withdrawal? tx?

A

convulsion, D.T. tx with low levels of a long acting drugs (Phenobarbital or Diazepam). also propranolol or Clonidine (may reduce sympathetic storm)

38
Q

nicotine withdrawal? tx?

A

anxiety, craving. tx: replacement therapy (nicotine), substitution therapy (Verenicline), Bupropion

39
Q

Cannabinoids and psychedelics withdrawal?

A

none aside from social readjustment

40
Q

alcohol withdrawal?

A

antiabuse, Naltrexone

Pharmacology Test 4 (10 decks)

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