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Pharm - General Principles > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

NT: NE, DA, 5HT

A

Cocaine and Amphetamines

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2
Q

Blocks DA, NE, and 5HT reuptake in CNS; local anesthetic action from Na+ channel blockade

A

Cocaine

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3
Q

Blockade of reuptake of NE and DA, release amines from mobile pool, weak MAO inhibitors

A

Amphetamines

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4
Q

Effects:

  1. Increase NE: sympathomimetic effect with increased heart rate and contractility, blood pressure changes, mydriasis, and central excitation, hyperactivity
  2. Increase DA: psychotic episodes, paranoia, hallucinations, possible dyskinesias, and endocrine disturbances
  3. Increase 5HT: behavioral changes, aggressiveness, dyskinesias, and decreased appetite
A

Cocaine and Amphetamines

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5
Q

Toxicity:

  1. Excess NE: cardiac arrhythmias, generalized ischemia with possible MI and strokes; acute renal and hepatic failures
  2. Excess DA: major psychosis, cocaine delirium
  3. Excess 5HT: possible serotonin syndrome
  4. All of the above: convulsion, hyperpyrexia, and death
A

Cocaine and Amphetamines

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6
Q

Craving, severe depression, anhedonia, anxiety; manage with antidepressants

A

Cocaine and Amphetamines

Withdrawal

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7
Q

CNS Depressants

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

Benzodiazepines

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8
Q

Neurotransmitters involved: GABA

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

Benzodiazepines

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9
Q

MOA:

Potentiation of GABA interaction with GABAA receptors involves BZ1 and BZ2 binding sites

A

Benzodiazepines

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10
Q

MOA:

Prolongation of GABA, GABA mimetic at high doses, on GABAA receptors

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

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11
Q

Effects:

Light to moderate CNS depression

A

Benzodiazepines

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12
Q

Effects:

Any plane of CNS depression

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

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13
Q

Toxicity:
Sedation, anterograde amnesia;
dical Genetics
in severe OD (or IV use),

A

Benzodiazepines

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14
Q

Reversal of Benzo OD with

A

flumazenil

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15
Q

Toxicity

Severe CNS depression, respiratory depression, and death

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

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16
Q

Withdrawal:

Rebound insomnia, rebound anxiety

A

Benzodiazepines

17
Q

Withdrawal:
Agitation, anxiety, hyperreflexia, and life-threatening seizures + in ethanol withdrawal delusions/ hallucinations— delirium tremens (DTs)

A

Barbiturates and Ethanol

18
Q

Neurotransmitters gy involved

NE, DA, 5HT, GABA, and many others

A

Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls

19
Q

MOA:
Activate opioid μ, κ, and δ receptors. Potent μ receptor activators have the most intense abuse and dependence liability, possibly effected via an increase in dopaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic tracts

A

Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls

20
Q

Effects

Euphoria, analgesia, sedation, cough suppression, and constipation; strong miosis (except meperidine)

A

Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls

21
Q

Toxicity

Severe respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting

A

Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Fentanyls

22
Q

(reverse with naloxone)

A

Opioid OD

23
Q

Withdrawal
Lacrimation, yawning, sweating, and restlessness, rapidly followed with centrally originating pain, muscle cramping, and diarrhea; not life-threatening

A

Opioids

24
Q

Mechanism of action

Interaction of THC with CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in CNS and periphery

A

Marijuanna

25
Q

MOA:

Interaction with several subtypes of 5HT receptors

A

Hallucinogens

26
Q

Effects

Sedation, euphoria, ↑ HR, conjunctival irritation, delusions, hallucinations

A

Marijuanna

27
Q

Effects:

Hallucinogen, sympathomimetic, causes dysesthesias

A

Hallucinogens

28
Q

Toxicity

Associated with smoking, possible flashbacks

A

Marijuanna

29
Q

Toxicity:

Poorly described, flashbacks likely

A

Hallucinogens

30
Q

Withdrawal

Irritability, anxiety

A

Marijuanna

31
Q

Withdrawal

Poorly characterized

A

Hallucinogens

32
Q

Extremely toxic, horizontal and vertical nystagmus, paranoia, rhabdomyolysis; overdose is common, with convulsions and death

A

PCP: NMDA-receptor antagonist

33
Q

Similar to but milder than PCP, with hallucinations, glutamate-receptor antagonist

A

Ketamine

34
Q

Amphetamine-like with strong 5HT pharmacology and therefore hallucinogenic; generally neurotoxic

A

MDMA (“Ecstasy”), MDA, MDEA

Pharm - General Principles (11 decks)

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