CNS Pharm

Question 1

which class of CNS drugs:↑ the frequency of Cl− channel opening
o Have no GABA mimetic activity
o Act through BZ receptors
o These receptors are part of the GABAA complex
o BZ1 mediates sedation
o BZ2 mediates antianxiety and impairment of cognitive functions

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines

Question 2

o Prolong GABA activity
o ↑ duration of Cl− channel opening
o Have GABA mimetic activity at high doses
o Do not act through BZ receptors
o Have their own binding sites on the GABAA complex
o Also inhibit complex I of electron transport chain

Answer 2

Barbiturates

Question 3

BZ drug used for: Anxiety, panic, phobias

Answer 3

Alprazolam

Question 4

BZ drug used for:Anxiety, preop sedation, muscle relaxation, withdrawal states

Answer 4

Diazepam

Question 5

BZ drug used for:Anxiety, preop sedation, status epilepticus (IV)

Answer 5

Lorazepam

Question 6

BZ drug used for:Preop sedation, anesthesia IV

Answer 6

Midazolam

Question 7

BZ drug used for: sleep disorders

Answer 7

Temazepam

Question 8

BZ drug used for: Sleep disorders, anxiety

Answer 8

Oxazepam

Question 9

Withdrawal signs from Benzos

Answer 9

o Rebound insomnia
o Anxiety
o Seizures when BZs were used as antiepileptic or in high doses

Question 10

Best BZs for patients with liver failure

Answer 10

oxazepam, temazepam, and lorazepam

Question 11

– BZ1 receptor agonist
– Less effect on cognitive function (BZ2-mediated)
– Overdose reversed by f lumazenil
– Used in sleep disorders
– Less tolerance and abuse liability (sleepwalking)

Answer 11

Zolpidem and zaleplon

Question 12

Non-BZ drug with:
– No effect on GABA
– 5-HT1A partial agonist
– Used for generalized anxiety disorders
– Nonsedative
– Takes 1 to 2 weeks for effects

Answer 12

Buspirone

Question 13

All alcohols cause what acid-base disturbance

Answer 13

metabolic acidosis

Question 14

Ethanol is the best substrate for which enzyme

Answer 14

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 15

Enzyme inhibited by Disulfiram

Answer 15

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 16

Antidote for Alcohol overdose,

long acting inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 16

Fomepizole

Question 17

Snow storm-like vision is a symptom of which alcohol overdose

Answer 17

Methanol

Question 18

By products of ethylene glycol metabolism

Answer 18

Glycolic acid, Oxalic acid

Question 19

Symptoms of Ethylene glycol OD

Answer 19

1. CNS depression
2. Severe metabolic acidosis
3. Nephrotoxicity

Question 20

Symptoms of Methanol OD

Answer 20

1. Respiratory failure
2. Severe anion gap metabolic acidosis
3. Ocular damage

Question 21

Symptoms of Ethanol OD

Answer 21

1. CNS depression
2. Metabolic acidosis (ketones)
3. Acetaldehyde toxicity