Drugs (midterm 2)

Question 1

Drug: Azathioprine
Class: Purine analog, DNA synthesis inhibitor

Answer 1

Incorporated into DNA, blocking pathway for purine synthesis, inhibiting proliferation of T, B-cells

Question 2

Drug: Mycophenoloate
Class: DNA synthesis inhibitor

Answer 2

Inhibit IMPD that controls the rate of purine synthesis, target B, T-cells

Question 3

Drug: Prednisone, hydrocortisone, fluticasone
Class: Corticosteroids

Answer 3

Binds to the glucocorticoid (nuclear) receptor, increase anti-inflammatory genes and interact with transcription factors to block pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines

Question 4

Drug: Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus
Class: Calcineurin inhibitor

Answer 4

Inhibitor translocation of transcription factors to the nucleus, reduce cytokines genes IL-2, 3, 4, TNF, CD40L

Question 5

Drug: Sirolimus, Everolimus
Class: mTOR inhibitor

Answer 5

Inhibits IL-2 mediated signaling and results in cell cycle arrest at G1-S. Target B, T-cells.

Question 6

Drug: Alemtuzumab
Class: Anti-lymphocyte antibody

Answer 6

Recognize CD52 on mature lymphocytes

Question 7

Drug: Muromonab
Class: Anti-lymphocyte antibody

Answer 7

Binds CD3 on T cells

Question 8

Drug: Rituximab
Class: Anti-lymphocyte antibody

Answer 8

Recognizes CD20 on B cells

Question 9

Drug: Daclizumab
Class: Anti-IL2 receptor antibody

Answer 9

Binds IL2 receptor, higher specificity than anti-lymphocyte antibodies

Question 10

Drug: Belatacept
Class: T-cell activation inhibitor

Answer 10

Bind CD80/86 on APC, block CD28 mediated co-stimulation of T lymphocytes

Question 11

Drug: Abatacept
Class: T-cell activation inhibitor

Answer 11

Competes with CD28 co-stimulators activation of T-cell

Question 12

Drug: RhoGAM

Answer 12

Removes fetus’s Rh+ cells before mother devlops anti-Rh+ antibodies

Question 13

Drug: NSAIDs
Class: COX inhibitor

Answer 13

Arachidonic acid —x—> prostaglandins (inflammation)

Question 14

Drug: Celecoxib
Class: COX inhibitor

Answer 14

Selectively inhibits COX II

Question 15

Drug: Aspirin
Class: COX inhibitor

Answer 15

Irreversibly acetylates and inhibits platelet COX, preventing AA binding.

Low dose = antithrombotic, cardioprotective
Medium dose = analgesic, antipyretic
High dose = anti-inflammatory

Question 16

Drug: Methotrexate
Class: DMARD

Answer 16

Inhibit AICAR transformylase, which leads to accumulation of AMP. AMP is released and converted to adenosine (potent inhibitor of inflammation)

Question 17

Drug: Cyclosporine
Class: DMARD

Answer 17

Calcineurin inhibitor which inhibits IL2 secretion, T-cell function

Question 18

Drug: Azathioprine
Class: DNA/RNA inhibitor, DMARD

Answer 18

Blocks B, T-cell proliferation, IL2 secretion by being incorporated into DNA, block pathway fro purine synthesis

Question 19

Drug: Mycophenolate
Class: DNA/RNA inhibitor, DMARD

Answer 19

Block B, T-cell proliferation

Question 20

Drug: Leflunomide
Class: DNA/RNA inhibitor, DMARD

Answer 20

Inhibit dihydrorotate dehydrogenase in pyramidine synthesis, leads to G1 cycle arrest. Decrease T cell proliferation, antibody production by B cells

Question 21

Drug: Adalimumab, Etanercept
Class: Antibodies/biologics, DMARD

Answer 21

Targets TNF-alpha which prevents osteoclasts activation, differentiation

Question 22

Drug: Abatacept
Class: Antibodies, DMARD

Answer 22

CTLA-4 fusion that binds to CD80/86, competes with CD28 to block T-cell activation

Question 23

Drug: Rituximab
Class: Antibodies, DMARD

Answer 23

Target apoptosis of CD20 on B cells