Drugs general Flashcards
Detomidine is used in which species and for what?
Horses. Sedative analgesic.
time of maximum action of IM and IV detomidine
IM: 77 minutes
IV: 2 minutes
Elimination of Detomidine IM and IV
IV: 25 min
IM: 51 minutes
Contraidications for Detomidine:
Cardiac: Preexisting AV or SA block, severe coronary insufficiency, cerebrovascular disease, Respiratory disease,
chronic renal failure.
adverse effects
Initial rise in blood pressure followed by bradycardia and heart block. decreased motility, hypertension.
Arrhythmias may be seen with detomidine when mixed with these drugs
thiopental, ketamine, halothane
Effect of alpha 2 agonists with Phenothiazines
severe hypotension possible
Xylazine’s non-anesthetic use in cats
emetic
Adverse effects of Xylazine in horses:
muscle tremors, bradycardia with partial A-V block, reduced resp rate, movement in response to sharp auditory stimuli, sweaty increased intracranial pressure, GI motility, decreased mucociliary clearance.
Adverse effects of Xylazine in cattle:
Salivation, ruminal atony, bloating, regurgitation, hypothermia, premature parturition, ataxia.
Action of Xylazine
alpha 2 adrenergic agonist: sedative/analgesic with muscle relaxant properties
A2 agonist effect on temperature regulation
depresses thermoregulatory mechanisms (hypo or hyper depending on air).
A2 action on CV system
initial increase in SVR with incereased blood pressure followed by a longer period of lowered blood pressures.
Reflex bradycardia.
Phenothiazines mechanism of action:
Dopaminergic receptor antagonists (sedation anxiolytics, mood aleration, antiemetic). Histaminic receptor agonist (Antihistaminic, anti-emetic).
Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist (spasmolytic, decreased lower esophageal tone, decreased gastric emptying)
Acepromazine: Administration routes
IM, IV, SQ, PO
Acepromazine onset of action:
IV: 5-10 minutes
IM: 30-45 minutes
Acepromazine duration of action:
4-6 hours
Acepromazine protein affinity, solubility
apporx 90% bound
highly water soluble (enters brain easily)
acepromazine metabolism and excretion
oxidation and conjugation within liver. Mainly kidney and some bile excretion
Drugs that Acepromazine potentiates the action of…
Opioids, local anesthetics, general anesthetics, organophosphate compounds
Acepromazine CNS effects
Sedation (antagonism of D2, H1, Alpha, and muscarinic), antiemetic
Acepromazine CVS
Hypotension (peripheral alpha blockage, depression of central vasomotor center, direct relax effect on smooth muscle). Anti-arrhythmic (class 1a. inhibits sensitization of myocardium to catecholamine induced arrhythmias)
Acepromazine respiratory system effect
minimal effect
Antihistaminergic effects of acepromazine
Just alters intra-dermal skin test results
