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Drugs > Drugs for Infections > Flashcards

Drugs for Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Abx for skin infections

A

Flucloxacillin 250-500mg QDS, 30min before food

Clarithromycin/clindamycin if allergic to penicillin

also - Erythromycin / doxycycline

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2
Q

Abx impetigo

A

Small area: topical fusidic acid 7dys. If MRSA suspected, mupirocin

Widespread: flucloxacillin 250-500mg PO 6hrs, 30mins before food.

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3
Q

Abx erysipelas

A

Benzylpenicillin - 0.6-1.2g IM/IV 6hrly

Phenoxymethylpenillin - 500mg PO 6hrly

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4
Q

Abx cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin - 500mg PO 6hrly

If streptococcal, give benzylpenicillin/pneocymethylpenicillin
G-ve give broad spectum

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5
Q

Abx for C.difficile infection

A

Oral metronidazole 400-500mg every 8hrs, 10-14dys

Add vancomycin for severe infection

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6
Q

Major antibiotics

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

Quinolones

Antifolates

Metroniadazole

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7
Q

Antibiotic used to target anaerobes

A

Metronidazole

Widely distributed, used to treat abscesses

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8
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillins (benzylpenicillin, flucoxacaillin, amoxicillin mainly gram +ve activity)

Cephalosporins (gram -ve)

Carbapenems (gram +ve)

Vancomycin IV (gram +ve)

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9
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglyclosides (gram -ve) e.g. gentamicin IV

Macrolides (gram +ve) e.g. erythromycin

Tetracyclins

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10
Q

Likely 1st line antibiotic in skin infections

A

Most caused by S. aureus - Flucloxacillin

Not inactivated by penicillinase enzymes.

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11
Q

Likely 1st line antibiotic in LRTI

A

Amoxycillin

Cause likely to be S. pneumoniae

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12
Q

likely 1st line antibiotic for bacterial meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone IV

Vancomycin in penicillin allergy

Caused by S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

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13
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated UTI

A

Trimethoprim

organism - E coli

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14
Q

Abx in hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Co-amoxiclav

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15
Q

Abx in community acquired pneumonia

A

Mild/moderate: Amoxicillin, add clarithromycin if atypicals suspected.

Severe: benzylpenicillin + clarithromycin/doxycycline

Give for 7-10 days.

If MSRA suspected - vancomycin

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16
Q

Adverse effects of penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions - rashes, anaphylaxis. Higher risk in patients with atopy.

Note: history of a minor-rash (non-pruritic, non-confluent, small area) 72hrs post-administration are not allergic. Should not withold penicillin if serious infection.

Encephalopathy - caused by cerebral irritation, Do not give intrathecally

Diarrhoea

Monitor electrolytes in patients with renal failure, most preparations contain Na+ or K+

17
Q

Abx in oral infections

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

18
Q

Indications for benzylpenicillin

A

Given IV/IM - inctivated by gastric enzymes, gut absorption low.

Indicated in: throat infections, otitis media, endocarditis, cellulitis, meningitis, anthrax

Contraindicated in allergy and renal impairment.

19
Q

Abx treatment for MRSA skin infections

A

Vancomycin

Doxycycline + rifampicin/fusidate

20
Q

Name 3 broad spectrum penicillins

A

Ampicillin (many organisms resitant) - 500mg 4-6hrly

Amoxycillin - 500mg TDS

Co-amoxiclav - one 250/125 tablet 8hrly

21
Q

Cautions/contraindications of broad-spectrum penicllins

A

Erythematous rash (glandular fever/CMV)

Reduce dose if patients have impaired renal function (eGFR<10). May cause crystalluria, convulsions

Co-amoxiclav - cholestatic jaundice (mainly >65)

22
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Ticarcillin-clauvonic acid

For severe pseudomonal infections aminoglycoside can be given

23
Q

Name 3 cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone (IV)

cefotaxime

ceftazidime (IV)

cefuroxime

cefalexin

cefradine (IV)

24
Q

Name 3 carbapenems

A

imipenem

meropenem

ertapenem

25
Q

Cephalosporin used in CNS infections

A

cefotaxime

26
Q

Severe side-effect associated with cephalosporins

A

Antibiotic-associated colitis may occur with the use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins, particularly second- and third-generation cephalosporins.

27
Q

Side effects of cepahlosporins

A

Diarrhoea

N+V

allergic reactions

cholestatic jaundice

28
Q

Uses of carbapenems

A

aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections

Severe HAI

Septicaemia

HA- pneumonia

intra-abdominal infections,

complicated UTI

29
Q

Side effects of carbapenems

A

diarrhoea

N+V

headache

injection-site reactions - rash, pruritis

30
Q

Name 3 tetracyclines

A

Doxycyline

Minocycline

Tetracycline

31
Q
A

Drugs (6 decks)

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