Drugs for epilepsy

Question 1

epilepsy

Answer 1

group of disorders charactered by excessive excitability of neurons in the CNS; can produce a variety of symptoms ranging from brief periods of unconsciousness to violent convulsions

Question 2

seizure

Answer 2

general term apply to all types of epileptic effects

Question 3

convulsion

Answer 3

apples to abnormal movement (jerking during a tonic-clonic (grand mal) attack)

Question 4

antiepiletic drugs (AEDs) effects

Answer 4

suppress discharge of neurons within a seizure focus; suppress propagation of seizure activity from the focus to other areas of the brain

Question 5

antiepiletic drugs (AEDs) MOA

Answer 5

suppression of sodium influx**, suppression of calcium influx, antagonism of glutamate (primary excitatory transmitter in the CNS); potentiation of GABA

Question 6

classification of AED

Answer 6

traditional and newer

Question 7

traditional AEDs

Answer 7

dilantin (phenytoin), tegretol (carbamazepine), depakene (valproic acid), zarontin (ethosuximide)

Question 8

newer AEDs

Answer 8

neurontin (gapapenin), lyrica (pregabalin) — (can be used to treat peripherial neuropthy

Question 9

dilantin (phenytoin)

Answer 9

most widely used AED, partial and tonic-clonic seizures

Question 10

dilantin (phenytoin) MOA

Answer 10

selective inhibition of sodium channels- suppression action potentials; varied oral absorption, half life 8-60 hours (have to check blood levels)

Question 11

goal of dilantin to produce levels between

Answer 11

10-20mcg/ml

Question 12

CNS effects

Answer 12

(dilantin (phenytoin) adverse effect) sedation, cognitive impairment, ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus

Question 13

gingival hyperplasia

Answer 13

(dilantin (phenytoin) adverse effect) over growth of gum tissue; teach pts to brush teeth routinely, floss, and massage gums

Question 14

skin rash

Answer 14

(dilantin (phenytoin) adverse effect) 2-5%

Question 15

teratogenic

Answer 15

(dilantin (phenytoin) adverse effect) causing cleft palate, heartmalformations, bleeding tendenices, fetal hydantoin syndrome; should be used in pregnancy only if benefit outweighs risks

Question 16

cardiovascular

Answer 16

when given IV dilanatin can cause hypertension and dysrhythmias, give diluted and slowly

Question 17

tegretol (carbamazepine) uses

Answer 17

epilepsy(partial/tonic cloinc) bipolar, trigeminal and glossopharyneagl neuralgias (stabbing pain along nerve)

Question 18

tegretol (carbamazepine) adverse effects

Answer 18

neurologic - nystagmus, ataxia; hematologic - lekopenia, anmeia, thrombocytopenia; birth defects - increased risk of neural tube defects; hypo-osmolarity - water retention; dermatological - rash, photosensitivity

Question 19

Depakene, Depakote (valproic acid) uses

Answer 19

seizures (all); bipolar, migraines

Question 20

Depakene, Depakote (valproic acid) adverse effects

Answer 20

GI - n/v, indigestion; hepatotoxicty - liver failure; pancreatitis; teratogenic - may be used if benefits outweigh risks

Question 21

phenobartial

Answer 21

epilepsy partial and generalized clonic; promotes sleep and sedation