Drugs for Diabetes Flashcards
What are the fast-acting insulins?
LAG
Lispro, Aspart, Glusine
What is the Amylin Analog (Pramlintide) MOA?
Inhibits glucagon secretion, decreases gastric emptying–> satiety and prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia
What are the Meglitinides? (-glinide) What is their MOA?
Nateglinide, Repaglinide
Bind to K+ channels on B-cell membranes–> stimulate postprandial insulin release
What are the a-Glycosidase inhibitors? MOA?
Acarbose and Miglitol
Competitive inhibition of a-glycosidases in GI tract–> delays carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption
What are the SGLT-2 inhibitors? MOA?
Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin
Inhibit SGLT-2 transporters- Prevent glucose reabsorption PCT
What is Metformin and what is the MOA?
First line therapy for Type 2 DM
Increases insulin sensitivity in tissues: Decreased gluconeogenesis, increased glycolysis, increased peripheral glucose uptake
What are the DPP-4 inhibitors? MOA?
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
MOA: Inhibit DPP-4–> Increased GLP-1–> Increased Ca++ influx–> Increased insulin secretion
What are the Sulfonylureas? MOA?
1st gen: Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide, Tolazamide
2nd gen: Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride
MOA: Bind to K+ sulfonylurea receptors –> close K+ channel and increase insulin release by B cells
What are the Thiazolidinediones? (-glitazones) MOA?
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
MOA: PPARy ligands–> increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
What are the Insulin Secretagogues-GLP-1 receptor agonists and their MOA?
Exenatide and Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonists–> Activate Gs GPCR–> induce insulin secretion
What is the most feared adverse effect of Metformin?
Lactic acidosis (elevated anion gap)
When would you take Pramlintide and what is the mode of administration?
Before meals (Amylin analog- adjunct to insulin) SubQ injection
