Drugs for anxiety

Question 1

Name at least 2 benzodiazepines used in the treatment of anxiety

Answer 1

1. Diazepam
2. Lorazepam
3. Triazolam
4. Midazolam
5. Temazepam

Question 2

Name at least 2 non-benzodiazepines used in the treatment of anxiety

Answer 2

1. Barbiturates - Phenobarbital
2. Buspirone
3. Zolpidem
4. Propanolol

Question 3

Describe the MOA of benzodiazepines

Answer 3

Potentiates GABA (an inhibitory transmitter in the brain) action by increasing the frequency of GABA-induced chloride channel opening -> influx of cl- ions -> hyperpolarization -> neurons fire less.

*Recall that to generate electrical impulses, you need depolarization to take place

Question 4

List the adverse effects of benzodiazepines

Answer 4

1. Acute toxicity/overdose -> severe respiratory depression
2. Drowsiness, confusion and amnesia
3. Withdrawal effects include disturbed sleep, rebound anxiety, tremor and convulsions

Question 5

Name the 3 sub classes of benzodiazepine agents

Answer 5

Short, intermediate and long acting

Question 6

How does propanolol help with anxiety?

Answer 6

Reduces physical symptoms associated with anxiety due to adrenergic activation (tachycardia, palpitations)

**Contraindicated in patients with asthma and heart conditions

Question 7

What is the non-benzodiazepine drug primarily used to treat insomnia?

Answer 7

Zolpidem