anat/physio/patho Flashcards
Name the 4 lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
List the subdivisions of the frontal lobe and their functions
- Primary motor cortex - execution of movements
- Secondary motor cortex - planning of complex movements
- Broca’s speech area - speech production
- Prefrontal cortex - higher order mental capabilities like behaviour and planning
- Frontal eye field - coordination of eyes to focus on a single object
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Primary somatosensory cortex where all the information from the somatic sensory pathways are transmitted to and processed
Describe what is the sensory homunculus
A visual representation of how much processing power is allocated through all the body parts.
Face and hands are the most, ie. they can do the most precise fine motor functions and are the most sensitive.
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
- Primary auditory cortex = process hearing information coming from CN8
- *Wernicke’s speech area = speech understanding
What are the 2 areas of the brain responsible for speech and which lobes are they found in respectively?
Broca’s = speech PRODUCTION, found in frontal lobe
Wernicke’s = speech INTERPRETATION, found in temporal lobe
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Primary and secondary visual cortex = VISION
What 2 functions does the cerebellum play an important role in?
Balance and coordination
List the anatomical divisions of the cerebellum
From medial to lateral,
1. Vermis **
2. Intermediate zone
3. Lateral hemispheres
List the functional divisions of the cerebellum
- Vestibule cerebellum - postural maintenance
- Spinocerebellum - Integrate sensory input with motor commands
- Cerebrocerebellum
Which part of the brainstem is the cardiopulmonary centre?
Medulla oblongata
Which part of the brainstem does the cranial nerves 5,6,7,8 branch from?
Pons
Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?
Cranial nerves 5,6,7,8
Name the 4 branches of the ICA
- Ophthalmic artery
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
- Posterior communicating artery
Where does the ophthalmic artery supply?
Orbit
Forehead via supratrochlear artery
Dorsum of nose via supraorbital artery
Which part of the brain does the ACA supply?
- Midline of frontal lobe
- Superior medial parietal lobe
Which part of the brain does the MCA supply?
- Lateral cerebral cortex
- Anterior temporal lobes
Which artery does the posterior communicating artery connect to?
Posterior cerebral artery
Describe which is the main artery supplying the intra and extra cranial structures
Intra-cranial: ICA and vertebral arteries
Extra-cranial: ECA
Which part of the brain does the PCA supply?
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Thalamus
- Choroid plexus of third and lateral ventricles
Which special sense will be affected if the PCA is occluded?
Vision
Because the PCA supplies the occipital lobe which houses the primary visual cortex
List the significance of the Circle of Willis
- Provides collateral blood flow between the anterior and posterior circulations of the brain to PROTECT AGAINST ISCHEMIA
- Common site for berry/saccular aneurysms which is the most common cause of non-traumatic SAH.
What is the main vessel supplying the extra-cranial structures?
External carotid artery
**List the branches of the ECA
- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular artery
- Maxillary artery
- Superficial temporal artery