Drugs Exam 1

Question 1

Bethanechol

Answer 1

Direct acting cholinergic agonist

• used for post op urinary and GI atony to stimulate GI and urinary function
• SE: over activation of parasympathetic system — GI distress, N+V, diarrhea, abdominal cramping

Question 2

Neostigmine

Answer 2

Indirect acting cholinergic agonist - blocks acetylcholinesterase so ACH won’t get destroyed therefore prolonging neuro transmission

• used for post op GI and urinary stimulant, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis
• NON specific
• SE: bronchoconstriction, excessive salivation, bradycardia, difficulty with visual accommodation, flushing/sweating

Question 3

Oxybutynin

Answer 3

Cholinergic antagonist

• Used for: neurogenic bladder, common in SCI. Blocks the effect of having to pee all the time so patient has more control over their own bladder.
• SE: blocking PSNS so dry mouth, blurry vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, confusion, nervousness, drowsiness

Question 4

Scopolamine

Answer 4

Cholinergic antagonist

Used for: transdermal patch placed close to the vestibular nerve behind the year for motion sickness
- inhibits vestibular system through muscarininc receptors to ultimately decrease sensitivity

Question 5

Phenylephrine

Answer 5

Alpha 1 selective Agonist (sympatholynetic)

• used for: nasal spray - used as a decongestant. Decreases airway resistance and constricts nasal and sinus blood vessels which decreases blood flow and fluid extravasating
• SE: tachycardia, nervouseness, insomnia

Question 6

Clonidine

Answer 6

Alpha 2 selective agonists

• used for: treatment of autonomic dysreflexia and for HTN RX — stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the brain that inhibit alpha 1 receptors and block sympathetic outflow
• SE: sedation

Question 7

Prazosin

Answer 7

Alpha 1 selective Antagonist

• used for: RX for HTN
• SE: reflex tachycardia, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

Metoprolol and Propranolol

Answer 8

Beta 1 selective antagonists
(Beta blocker)

• Used for: prophylactically to prevent angina attack but not something you can use in an emergency. Directly decreases the work of the heart by decreasing contractility. Also used to RX HTN
• SE: orthostatic hypotension, decreased exercise tolerance

Question 9

What are side effects of diuretics when used to treat HTN?

Answer 9

• hyponatremia
• hypokalemia
• arrhythmia
• electrolyte imbalance
• volume depletion
• hypotension/orthostatic hypotension
• exacerbation of HF and reflex tachycardia

Question 10

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 10

• decrease plasma volume and get rid of fluid
• Chlorothiazide
• Hydrochlorathiazide

Question 11

Furosemide

Answer 11

Loop diuretic
- decrease plasma volume and get rid of fluid
*cheep and effective for treating
HTN

Question 12

Nitropresside

Answer 12

Vasodilator
- acts at peripheral vascular
- used for: RX HTN = decrease vascular resistance by direct vasodilation

Question 13

Nitroglycerin

Answer 13

NO donor, anti-angina meds
Works by decreasing the workload on the heart NOT by coronary vasodilation.
- not absorbed well by GI
- sublingual administration is fastest for acute angina attack
- SE: headache, orthostatic hypotension, nausea

Question 14

Minoxidil

Answer 14

Non nitrate vasodilator
- used for: anti-angina, CHF meds
- SE: reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, orthostatic hypotension

Question 15

Captopril

Answer 15

ACE Inhibitor for anti-angina/CHF meds
— generally well tolerated but associated with a dry cough
*AT1 blockers are NOT associated with having a cough