Drugs And The Kidney Flashcards
Give an example of a thiazide diuretic
Bendroflumethiazide
Cyclopenthiazide
What are the three classes of diuretics?
Thiazides
Loop diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Where is the site of action for thiazide diuretics?
The distal convoluted tubule
What are thiazide diuretics used for?
Oedema Mild heart failure Liver and kidney disease Steroid treatment Long-term hypertension
How do thiazide diuretics work?
By blocking the chloride pump
This increases the secretion of sodium and chloride (and potassium due to sodium exchange)
This increases water secretion
Resulting in greater urine output
Give an example of a loop diuretic
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torasemide
Where is the site of action for loop diuretics?
The ascending loop of henle
What are loop diuretics used for?
Oedema
Severe heart failure
Acute ventricular failure (pulmonary oedema)
Hypertension
How do loop diuretics work?
By blocking the sodium/potassium/chloride pump
Which increases the secretion of those electrolytes
Which in turn increases water secretion
Resulting in an increased urinary output
Give an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic
Amiloride
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Where is the site of action for potassium-sparing diuretics?
The late distal tubule and the collecting duct
What are potassium-sparing diuretics used for?
Oedema
Heart failure
Liver disease
Hypertension
Hypokalaemia from use of loop diuretics/thiazides
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)
How do potassium-sparing diuretics work?
By blocking the aldosterone receptors OR by blocking sodium channels
Increase sodium and water excretion and decreases secretion of potassium and H+
Increases urinary output without loss of potassium
Name two antidiuretic drugs
Vasopressin
Desmopressin
What are antidiuretics used for?
Central diabetes insipidus (Lack of antidiuretic hormone)
