drugs and society Flashcards
helps to explain why children and infants try to alter their consciousness without intoxicating themselves
nature theory
says that altering ones conscious is an innate drive that everyone has in them
nature theory
says that drug use is based on a predisposed disposition
biological theory
True or false: there is a specific gene that means you will have an addiction
false
this theory states that addiction is a result of moral weakness
moral theory
this theory states that addiction is associated with character deficits/traits
moral theory
this theory states that recovery is achieved through the use of willpower and discipline, and the development of a virtuous lifestyle
moral theory
theory that is advocated most prominently by AA
disease model
this theory states that addiction is curable, fatal if left untreated and that abstinence is the only solution
disease model
self-derogation theory
lack of self-worth
Emphasizes either reinforcement and punishment or dysfunctional personalities
psychological theories
theory states that addiction is a result of inadequacy and low self esteem
psychological theories
theory states that the user will behave in a way that they will minimize negative feelings and maximize positive feelings
psychological theories
this theory states environmental factors cause differences in use rates for different compounds
sociocultural theories
4 parts to the social bonding theory
attachment, commitment, involvement, belief
are you attached to others?
attachment
how invested is the person in society?
commitment
how much time does the person spend engaging in conventional activities?
involvement
Belief that the values are a reflection of what is good
belief
social bonding theory and self control theory are what kind of theories?
control theories
this theory states that people with high self control won’t do drugs and people with low self control will, can relate it to any criminal behaviour
self-control theory (general theory of crime)
this theory states that people feel strain and may react in deviant ways as a result
anomie/strain theory
failure to achieve goals and the removal of positive stimuli results in addiction
general strain theory
conformity (non-deviant), innovation (deviant, noncriminal)
Merton: modes of adaptation
age, race, ethnicity, religiosity, SES all have an impact on drug use rates
subculture models
labelling theory, differential association theory, social learning theory are what kind of theories?
subculture
social learning and associations, learn drug use from peers, can unlearn behaviours
differential association theory
reinforcement and imitation are part of what theory?
social learning theory
theory states that deviance is rationalized by techniques such as:
denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of victim, condemnation of condemners, appealing to higher loyalties
neutralization theory
conflict theories
Marxian, pluralist
this theory combines strain, social control, cultural and situational factors
drift theory
this theory states you need a motivated offender, a suitable target and a lack of capable guardians
routine activities theory
theory suggests that drug use might be normal, want to check for from life for a few mins so report to drugs
normalization thesis
Disciplining bodies using bio-power to control and manipulate individuals and entire populations, power only exists when it is exercised
Foucault and bio-power
list the 5 broad categories of drug treatment
pharmacological, outpatient, residential, AA, compulsory
what is the most important factor in predicting successful treatment outcomes?
commitment and willingness of the user to overcome addiction
list at least 2 indicators of treatment effectiveness
eliminate or reduce drug use
eliminate or reduce criminal offending
reduce risky behaviour (sexual, needle sharing)
increase rates of conventional employment
drug antagonists
either make patients ill or block psychoactive effects of the drug
drug agonists
uses other drugs to treat addiction (methadone)
drug agonists and antagonists are under what type of treatment?
pharmacotherapy
what are the 2 models of residential treatment?
medicalized and behavioural approach
AA is what kind of treatment?
residential
what is the central goal of therapeutic communities?
recovery through abstinence
what does compulsory treatment consist of?
forced drug treatment
why is compulsory treatment controversial?
if the person isn’t willing to change they won’t
might complete the program but once on street again may go back to using
can you ethically force someone into treatment?
widening the number of people they can bring into the system and catching in the CJS
net widening
making requirements impossible to meet
mesh tightening
what do drug courts use to gain social control?
high-tech urinalysis
digital ankle monitors
disease model
why is outpatient therapy useful?
these people want to change
which therapy has the most consistent success across treatment settings?
CBT
drug courts, reward and punishment, and reinforcement to alter behaviour are what type of therapy?
contingency management
largest voluntary drug treatment in the world
AA
open vs. closed meetings
open: bring family, friends with you
closed: no one but the alcoholics in the meeting
what model does AA believe in?
disease model
what are the criticisms of alcoholism as a disease?
takes away personal responsibility
says the user is powerless
what are the pros of self-repot survey’s?
anonymous, gather data quickly
what are the cons of self-report surveys?
under reporting
what survey determines legal/illegal drug use of Canadians 15 and older?
Canadian Tobacco, alcohol, and drug survey
this survey tests grade 7-12 students on substance use and health
Ontario student drug use and health survey
true or false: youth and indigenous youth are at low risk for substance abuse
false
why are street youth at higher risk of substance use?
coping mechanism, stress and family abuse, social/recreational use
this provides info on drug related ER visits and deaths that are related to substance use
drug abuse warning network statistics (DAWN)
what is reported by DAWN?
illicit drugs, prescriptions, dietary supplements, inhalants, alcohol and other drugs
what age group is most likely to use?
youth
university/college students
age 19-28 steady
why are youth most likely to use?
free from responsibility and attachments
what gender is more likely to use and why?
males, more risk taking
true or false: whites use drugs the most
true
class based stereotyping
white people/privileged more illicit
poverty not related to correlations
true or false: high SES drink more
true
true or false: illicit drug use is related to income and education
false, it is not
