drugs and naming part 1 Flashcards by cam o

why do you have to suddelnly pee when your drinking

in the Hypothalamus alcohol Depresses ADH release, which signal urinary urges

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Neuroleptics (major tranquilizers)

-antipsychotics and major tranquilizers relieve hallucinations delusions symptoms of mania and that’s a smaller dosage motion sickness Thorazine haldol

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Metabolism: of alcohol

92-98% metabolized

liver enzyme: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, MFO),

– 10-14 grams per hr = about 1 Beer

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Stimulants

-called uppers antidepressants plus excitation Benzedrine amphetamines cocaine caffeine and nicotine

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Brand Name: Benzedrine whats the generic name

dl-amphetamine

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10000 BC Honey wine (meade ) was made by

Sugar (glucose) + Water + yeast

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what is General Adaptation Syndrome, discovered by who

Hans Selye : alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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Mechanism of Action for Barbiturates(5)

– 1. Reduced Oxygen consumption
– 2. Reduced Brain activity
– 3. Increase Slow-wave sleep, reduce REM
– 4. GABA mediated inhibition (Cl- channel opening resulting in HYPERPOLARIZATION)
– 5. Inhibits glutamate receptor (AMPA)

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what is the mechanisim of action for alcohol

hyperpolarization of GABA receptors

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Physiological reactions of anxiety

HR, BP, RR, Pupil size, dry mouth, EEG, blood sugar, adrenaline, ACTH, elevation of gluco -corticoids (cortisol), lactate, GSR

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what is the basis form classifying drugs

behavioural and therapeutic effects

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Anxiolytics, sedatives or alcohol all

synergistic, involving same enzymes,

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FAS features

narrow forhead, long thinupper lip, short papbral fissues, short flat nose

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2 types of Propanediols

mephenesin(TOLSEROL) meprobamate(MILTOWN)

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Barbiturates:

– made from

UREA and MALONIC ACID

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Conversion Disorder( the inability to form tasks)
symptoms and cause

Symptoms: hysteric disfunction
Prognosis: fair

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Pyscological reactions of anxiety

Impaired memory
Impaired performance
Burnout (depression)
Drug abuse
PTSD (insomnia, sensitivity)

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Reinforcement Model (WIKLER)
– 1. Direct effect – psychological
– 2. Indirect effect –psychological
– 3. Long term effects –

direct- psychological (stress, sorrow, shyness, peer pressure, euphoria)
indirect- (stimuli associated with stress reduction)
long term effects- suppression of anxiety and withdrawal)

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Hypochondriasis

symptoms and cause

Symptoms: organ disfunction , morbid concern over health
Prognosis: bad

Phobia

symptoms and cause

Symptoms: intense fear of objects, places, eventse

Prognosis goood

that is the lethal blood alcohol level

men-14-20

women- 12-16

what gives absinthe if green color

wormwood

Sedatives

-produce drowsiness sedation and sleep include all the barbiturates and alcohol

cirrhosis

liver failure from prolonged heavy drinking

main example of Benzodiazepines

valium

Anxiolytics (minor tranquilizers)

-minor tranquilizers relieve anxiety symptoms without causing drowsiness Proto typical drug Valium milltown equal in

what are the 3 main mood disorders

anxiety, depression, mood disorders

Obsessive -Compulsive Disorder | symptoms and cause

Symptoms: recurrent ideas, irresistible impulses | Prognosis good

what are the uses for anxiolytics

Ach antagonists, muscle relaxation, taming | – Application: desensitization, ECT

Absorbtion of alcohol

(20% stomach, 80% small intestine Depends on: volume, concentration, stomach content

side effects of alcohol (disease)

WERNICKE’S SYNDROME ALCOHOL PSYCHOSIS (delirium tremens, hallucinations,Korsakoff’s syndrome) ADDICTION ACETALDEHYDE TOXICOSIS

Flunitrazepam (ROHYPNOL effects

amnesia, low BP, confusion, dizziness

what is chemical equivalence

something contains identical chemical components and active ingredients in identical proportions

Hallucinogens

Cause psychosis like effects and distortions in perception and cognition

metabolite of alcohol

– Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) (Asians)

what causes bad hangovers

Disulfiram (Antabuse) inhibits ALDH

Antidepressants

-loosely known as stimulants relieve depression and depressed in normal cause excitement and restlessness Mao inhibitors tricyclics

difference between the chemical, generic,trade name for drugs

chem- from chemistry gen- legal name trade is brand name

biological and clinical equivalence

bio- same biological effect | clin- same overall effect

) phenobarbital (LUMINAL) was discovered by

Fischer & Mering

what is the leathal dose for alcohol with, sedatives, Anxiolytics,Opiates:

sedatives, 4 beers +2 sleeping pills Anxiolytics: 2-5 times alcohol half life Opiates: LD (15-30mg morphine+ 6-8 beers)

First anesthesia (1903) with barbital

(VERONAL)

Narcotic Analgesics

-Cold opiates cause sleep and relieve pain include morphine opium heroin

2 catogories of anxiolytics

Propanediols | • Benzodiazepines

what effects does alcohol have on the cns (4)

– Spinal cord: low dose disinhibits, moderate depresses reflexes – Medulla: same as above (mechanism for mortality) – RAS: Special affinity (low dose depress, induce slow wave sleep) – Limbic System: Depression, inhibitory neurons first

the dose reponse cureve is ______ for Anxiolytics, sedatives or alcohol

steep