Drugs And Doping In Sport Flashcards
Ethics and deviance in sport:
Define ethics and apply it to sport.
Definition:
• ethics are rules that dictate an individual’s conduct.
Application:
• an ethic in sport would be than an athlete sticks to the spirit of of the rules of the game.
• both blood dipping and illegal consumption of performance-enhancing drugs is an example of deviance.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
Explain the process of blood doping.
- Removal and re-infusion of red blood cells, increasing an individual’s red blood cell count.
- Removes approx 2 pints of blood, which is then frozen, thawed and reinfected prior to competition.
- Increases volume of haemoglobin, extra Oxygen can be transported to working muscles.
- Used by endurance athletes e.g. running, cycling
Ethics and deviance in sport:
Provide examples of performance-enhancing drugs.
- Anabolic steroids- allow athletes to train harder for longer, and often increase strength and aggression.
- Beta blockers- control heart rate and keep an athlete calm.
- Stimulants- increase alertness, for example amphetamines.
Extras: narcotic analgesics, diuretics, peptide hormones.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
Provide reasons for why elite athletes may use doping and illegal drugs.
- Pressure to succeed can affect a performer’s judgment and decision making.
- Pressure from coaches.
- Political pressures e.g. Russian doping scandal.
- Motivated by high monetary awards for winning from sponsorship deals.
- Pressure from fellow athletes.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the societal consequences of drug taking?
- Society can be seen as corrupt and full of unethical citizens who will do anything to ‘win at all costs’ e.g. Russian doping scandal.
- Creates negative role models for younger public.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the sporting consequences of drug taking?
- Concept of fair play is severely challenged.
- Sports become tainted by cheating, therefore may struggle to find sponsorship deals and experience loss of public support.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the consequences performers experience from drug taking?
- Severe dangers to health and well-being.
* Possible death.
Ethics and deviance in sport
What are the advantages of taking legal supplements?
- Can help build muscle, increase stamina and control weight.
- Ergogenic aids claim to increase strength, performance and recovery.
- Creatine can help performance during high-intensity exercise.
- Staying hydrated through the drinking of energy drinks can improve and aid performance.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the disadvantages of taking legal supplements in sport?
- Some supplements may not be what they seem and could potentially contain banned substances.
- Long-term use of creatine has been suggested to have health implications e.g. increased risk of cancer.
- Energy drinks contain high levels of sugar contributing to tooth decay and obesity.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the strategies used to stop the use of doping and illegal drugs?
- WADA (world anti-doping agency) draws up a list of banned substances, provides assistance to countries’ own anti doping agencies and funds research.
- Drug testing is carried out in and out of competitions.
- Drug education can be provided for athletes and coaches.
- Punishments for drug use are to be more rigorous and longer. WADA doubled the ban i n 2015.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the causes of violence in sport? (Players and spectators)
- Desire to win may be so overwhelming it’s leads to violence- importance of result.
- Nature of activity e.g. sports like ice hockey increase aggression.
- Frustration with officiating.
- Alcohol, social drugs or performance-enhancing drugs.
- Media increasing tension.
- Deindividuation- when you lose your sense of individuality, which can cause violent behaviour.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the societal implications of violence in sport?
- Police are often present at large sporting events that often end in violence e.g. football
- Alcohol is often unavailable to prevent spectators becoming aggressive e.g. at football matches.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the sporting implications of violence in sport?
- Governing bodies have their own disciplinary processes to ensure standards and maintain non-violent behaviour.
- Playing strategies that promote violence should be punished.
- Rules changes should be adopted to make violence less likely.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
What are the performer’s implications of violence in sport?
- Education of performers is important, ensuring they are aware they are responsible for their individual actions and fair play at all times.
- Performers need to be aware that they are role models and their behaviour is likely to be copied.
Ethics and deviance in sport:
Provide strategies used to prevent violence in relation to players and spectators in sport.
- Education of performers, encouraging awareness of their emotions and stress levels.
- Punishments at the time: fines, bans, docking points.
- Encouraging coaches to promote assertion rather than aggression in players.
- Law enforcement (in spectator violence)- banning orders have been served in football.
- Sophisticated policing methods- CCTV
