Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the therapeutic response of estrogens and contraceptives?
prevents symptoms of menopause, prevent pregnancy, prevent osteoperosis
What eliminates the risk of endometrial cancer in contraceptives?
The addition of progesterone to the estrogen supplement.
What are some adverse effects of estrogen therapy and some nursing considerations for them?
endometrial and ovarian cancer - add progesterone to reduce risk, report vaginal bleeding!
estrogen-sensitive breast cancers
thromboembolic disorders - PE, DVT, stroke, MI
What are some adverse effects of contraceptives and some nursing considerations for them?
breakthrough bleeding - report this!
estrogen sensitive breast cancers - use cautiously in patient with breast cancer (contraindicated), perform self breast exams and keep annual breast exams
thromboembolic disorders (even though it is cardio-protective, it increases clotting factors) - PE, DVT, stroke, MI; monitor for chest pain, changes in LOC, shortness of breath, signs of DVT
What pregnancy category are estrogens and contraceptives?
X
if a contraceptive is taken when the patient is pregnant it may induce a spontaneous miscarriage.
Why should patients using estrogen therapy or oral contraceptives avoid smoking?
It can increase the risk of clots.
What is a key administration technique for estrogen patches?
apply patches to the skin of the trunk, avoiding the breasts and waistline. (avoid getting near reproductive organs!!!)
What should the patient do if they miss 1 dose of birth control?
take two together at the next scheduled dose
What should the patient do if they miss 2 doses of birth control?
double up doses for 2 days
What should a patient do if they miss 3 doses?
stop taking medication, use additional form of birth control and start a new cycle of medication after 7 days.
What is the therapeutic response of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists?
relaxes smooth muscles of the bladder neck and prostate increasing urine flow
USED IN BPH!!! ALSO USED FOR HYPERTENSION!!!
What are 2 adverse effects for alpha1-adrenergic antagonists? What are some nursing considerations for them?
HYPOTENSION - monitor BP, rise slowly from a sitting or lying position FALL RISK
sexual dysfunction - advise the patient of this and report it if it is a problem COMPLIANCE ISSUE
What medications should be avoided taking concurrently with alpha1-adrenergic antagonists?
anticholinergic agents - counters effect of medication (urinary retention)
viagra - causes hypotension
nitrates - causes hypotension
What is the therapeutic response of Phosphodieterase Type 5 inhibitors (PDES inhibitors)?
enhances blood flow to the corpus cavernosum resulting in a penile erection.
What are some adverse effects of PDES inhibitors? What are some nursing considerations for them?
MI from vasodilation if taken with other vasodilators from lack of blood flow (can lead to death) - monitor for risk factors, educate patient to stop sex and go to ED if experiencing chest pain
Priaprism (painful erection) - notify provider if erection lasts longer than 4 hours - treated with injection of vasoconstictors into penis
