drugs affecting the bones and joints

Question 1

what is gout caused by

Answer 1

alteration in purine metabolism
end result is uric acid
this alteration results in hyperuricemia and deposition of urate crystals in various tissues

Question 2

four phases of gout

Answer 2

asymptomatic hyperuricemia
acute gouty arthritis
intercritical gout
chronic tophaceous gout

Question 3

treatment for

asymptomatic hyperuricema

Answer 3

 Do not require treatment
 Lower urate levels by making changes in their diet and lifestyle
* Also avoid meds that may increase uric acid levels

Question 4

acute gouty arthritis

Answer 4

 Characterized by sudden onset of pain, erythema, limited range of motion, and swelling of involved joint

Question 5

gout

key elements to treatment

Answer 5

management of acute pain

Question 6

antigout drugs (xanthine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 6

allopurinol, febuxostat, and colchicine

Question 7

allopurinol and febuxostat

Answer 7

decrease the production of uric acid without disrupting the biosynthesis of vital purines
- reduce the inflammatory process or prevent synthesis of uric acid

Question 8

colchicine

Answer 8

Does not affect purine metabolism
*Binds to microtubular proteins to interfere with the function of the mitotic spindles
o Inhibits the migration of granulocytes to the inflamed area
*Reduces lactic acid production by granulocytes  decreases the deposition of uric acid
*Decrease inflammatory response to the deposited urate crystals
o Interferes with kinin formation
o Reduces phagocytosis

Question 9

uricosuric drugs

Answer 9

increase the rate of uric acid secretion (and excretion in urine)

Question 10

treatment of OA

Answer 10

NSAIDs
Glucosamine sulfate
Chondroitin